The Senedd met in the Chamber and by video-conference at 13:30 with the Llywydd (Elin Jones) in the Chair.

1. Questions to the Minister for Climate Change

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: Good afternoon and welcome, all, to this Plenary meeting. The first item will be questions to the Minister for Climate Change, and the first question is from Jenny Rathbone.

Decarbonising Homes

Jenny Rathbone AC: 1. What progress has the Minister made in working with local authorities to maximise opportunities to decarbonise homes? OQ60521

Julie James AC: Under the optimised retrofit programme, local authorities have received around £28 million. ORP supports a test-and-learn approach to decarbonise homes in the most efficient and cost-effective way. The net-zero carbon hwb was recently launched to help local authorities connect with industry players to share learnings and experiences.

Jenny Rathbone AC: Thank you. Twenty-eight million pounds is a lot of money, but I appreciate that it doesn't go that far when you're talking about decarbonising homes. There are now several large windfarms operating in Wales, all generating community benefits, including, Pen y Cymoedd with its 78 turbines, generating a very welcome income for the 188,000 residents who live in that area. What analysis has the Government made of how the relevant local authorities have jumped on this opportunity to help the local community to decarbonise their homes by advising them on the best strategy for their individual properties?
Equally, in the same year, the ECO Flex scheme started, which gave local authorities another source of funding coming from the UK Government. I know that both Bristol, London, and many other English local authorities, have started bidding into the ECO Flex schemes and are, even now, actually having things happen. So, how many local authorities in Wales have used that funding to support local populations to decarbonise their homes? And how can we ensure that local authorities are really being proactive in meeting the target that was originally 2033 for social homes?

Julie James AC: Yes, thank you, Jenny. So, we support local authorities to leverage Great Britain-wide capital funding into local communities by rolling out, as you say, the local authority Flex schemes associated with ECO4 and the Great British insulation scheme, which used to be called ECO+. They can publish a joint statement of intent for ECO4 and for the Great British insulation scheme and develop partnerships with both suppliers and installers. So, we’ve been supporting the local authorities to develop the statements and we’re encouraging the regional collaborations where these result in more efficient delivery, because they have to link together with the Welsh Energy Service surveys that we’ve been doing, and you know that we’ve been rolling out our community scheme to look at where energy efficiency is most needed and to try and take the fabric worst-first approach. So, we’ve been trying to make sure that, where they cross borders and stuff, there isn’t an invisible force field because you come to the edge of a local authority area, and that we actually do it as a community scheme where that’s appropriate.
The Nest advice service signposts the Great British insulation scheme and other initiatives, including things like the boiler upgrade scheme and the ECO4, as complementary schemes to Welsh Government-funded, demand-led schemes. So, we’re trying to get the new advice service to strengthen that and lead to a referral arrangement so that people understand that, having had one, it doesn’t mean that you can’t have the other, and you can do a combination one. Householders, owner-occupiers and those in social and private-rented homes can check eligibility and apply directly through the energy suppliers for that.
In terms of Pen y Cymoedd and other windfarms, and the very large community benefits packages that come out of those, those aren’t done through the local authorities, they’re done through community consortia. We’ve been working with the developer industry and I met with RenewableUK Cymru just before Christmas at the Celtic Manor, at their conference there, to discuss what more we could do for the community benefit schemes. There are some restrictions: you cannot use a community benefit scheme to simply reduce an energy bill, for example. That’s not allowed inside the rules. But there is absolutely nothing to stop you using a community benefit scheme to retrofit houses in order to make them more energy efficient. But it is a matter for the local community to come to that conclusion. So, what we’ve been doing is using, through Ynni Cymru and other initiatives, local enablers to get communities to come together to understand what’s possible and what the retrofit might bring and to use the community benefit schemes in those ways. Because all over Wales we have beautifully outfitted village halls and sports teams and all the rest of it—all of which are great things, but they haven’t got the longevity of some of the other schemes. I was very pleased that the developers were very happy and are developing something they call 'the gold-plated service', to put those kinds of initiatives into the community benefit schemes. But they would complement all this other funding—one doesn’t preclude the other.

Janet Finch-Saunders AC: I refer Members to my declaration of interest in terms of property ownership, and I understand I'm not the only one who should be declaring. As you know, Minister, there are thousands—

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: You don't need to refer to other people's declarations; just refer to your own, please.

Janet Finch-Saunders AC: I seem to be the only Member at the moment, though, actually making these declarations.
As you know, Minister, there are thousands of empty properties that could be made into lovely homes. The Leasing Scheme Wales programme provides support to landlords entering the scheme, with additional funding to improve the decarbonisation of those privately rented homes. Now, only 16 local authorities have signed up over the last two financial years, and only 60 grants have been awarded—that's less than three a month. Property owners and, indeed, private landlords have made it very clear to me that they would happily refurb properties into homes and to include the decarbonisation scheme if they were helped by Welsh Government. Will you help to maximise the take-up of Leasing Scheme Wales and other ECOschemes available, and provide more funding as part of your recent increased funding in the budget to homeless prevention? Diolch.

Julie James AC: So, we've actually had a couple more authorities join Leasing Scheme Wales very recently. Of course, the very welcome uplift of the local housing allowance in April will really help, because the way that Leasing Scheme Wales works is that we guarantee the local housing amount for rent to the landlord. The landlord then hands over the property to the local authority, or to an RSL locally, and we run it as if it's a social home. It's a minimum of five years; we'd prefer the 10 or 15-year period, though, for obvious reasons. The landlord then gets back a house where they've had an income all the way through that period, but which comes back to them in a better state than when they gave it over. We very much want to encourage people to do that. I will say, Janet, that we have not yet got any indication at all whether the local housing allowance will be uplifted in April for one year or for more years, and that makes a real difference. So, actually, one of the biggest barriers we've got is not understanding whether the LHA will continue to rise with inflation, which would make it a lot more attractive, or whether, actually, it's going to get frozen again. So, that is a bit of a barrier. So, I'm currently working with the UK Government to try and get some clarity on that—there hasn't been, so if you can assist with that, that would be helpful.

Ruabon Railway Station

Ken Skates AC: 2. Will the Minister provide an update on plans to improve Ruabon railway station? OQ60504

Lee Waters AC: Yes. Thank you to Ken Skates, who has been a consistent champion of Ruabon station, and we agree it has great potential, serving a wide area and is the rail gateway to the world heritage site at Pontcysyllte. We continue to press the UK Government for funding of the delivery of a new Access for All bridge at the station.

Ken Skates AC: Thank you, Minister. I commend you for your perfect pronunciation of the world heritage site. As you know, the Welsh Government has worked incredibly hard, and you personally, to try to get the improvements necessary at Ruabon station. But, back in November, there was the announcement of six stations in Wales that will receive upgrades, and Ruabon was not amongst them. Could you identify the reasons why you believe Ruabon station has not yet benefited from the upgrades that so many passengers require of the station? Is it a problem with Network Rail or the UK Government, because I do understand that Transport for Wales has been pretty consistent in supporting the necessary works? Diolch.

Lee Waters AC: Thank you for the question. I can confirm that Ruabon station is one of our top priorities for delivery in Wales through the UK Government's Access for All scheme. Transport for Wales are working closely with Network Rail on that, and a final outline design is due at the end of March. So, I think we're doing everything we can at our end. But I think the fact of the matter is just that the UK Government is not standing up for north Wales when it comes to key infrastructure investment. A new accessible bridge at Ruabon would make a significant difference there, but we can only take it forward if the UK Government funds it. Rail is not devolved to Wales; it is a UK responsibility, and I'm bound to ask what are all those Tory MPs in north Wales doing if they can't deliver funding for a modest investment like this. Now, thankfully, there is investment in rail in north Wales, but it's from the Welsh Labour Government. The majority of services at Ruabon are now operated using our new class 197 trains, which is a result of our £800 million investment in new fleets. But, again, we are worried that their performance could well be undermined by the UK Government, through Network Rail, cutting its maintenance budgets for the years ahead, which will directly impact on the reliability of trains and their ability to stick to the timetable. So, despite our efforts, there's a danger that's being undermined.
Now, the UK Government set out, through its union connectivity review, led by Lord Peter Hendy, a recommendation that we look at the whole north Wales corridor in terms of transport. And we've done that, and, just recently, Lord Burns and his north Wales transport commission published its detailed recommendations—some 60 recommendations. A number of those relating to rail are the responsibility of the UK Government, and we now want to work with the UK Government on a pipeline of schemes that can be funded, some by us, some by them, to improve transport across north Wales. And the recommended upgrade at Chester station, to allow five trains per hour, including an express service into north Wales, is a critical part of that.

Sam Rowlands AS: Thank you, Llywydd, for the opportunity to respond to the Deputy Minister's response there. I'm very disappointed to hear the Deputy Minister so easily forget that the UK Government has committed £1 billion of rail investment to north Wales. So, rather than standing there slating the lack of investment from the UK Government, there's £1 billion on the table, which will make such a difference to residents that I represent.
Specifically in relation to Ruabon station, the Deputy Minister will be aware, of course, that it is an important part of the north Wales metro, which you referenced, I guess, in your response to Ken Skates. But, of course, the north Wales metro currently has around £50 million earmarked from the Welsh Government, whereas the south Wales metro has around £700 million earmarked for it. So, I guess, if there was a real desire to see things improve in north Wales, there'd be a further commitment from Welsh Government to improve areas in north Wales with the metro.But, going back to Ruabon station specifically, I wonder, Deputy Minister, if you could outline which meetings you have been having with the UK Government to help see that investment accelerated at Ruabon station so that my residents and, in particular, people with disabilities will have easy access to the station.

Lee Waters AC: Well, I give Sam Rowlands top marks for brass neck there. Rail infrastructure is not devolved to Wales. It is the responsibility of the UK Government, and they simply are not delivering for Wales in general, and north Wales in particular. Now, he says that the Prime Minister has committed £1 billion for rail in north Wales through the electrification of the main line. Now, first of all, he hasn't, because he simply said it was an example of the sort of money that could be spent. Secondly, we'll remember their promise to electrify the railway line in south Wales, which they broke the promise of. So, I don't think we can put any store on that at all. And our cynicism can be further deepened by the fact that there is no preparatory work at all behind this eye-catching announcement. So, it's complete fantasy. Network Rail haven't done any preparation work. The Department for Transport hasn't done any preparation work. This is a fantasy that he is quite happy to latch onto for electioneering purposes, knowing full well it ain't gonna happen under this Government, and, in fact, some of the things that we have agreed with the Department for Transport are priorities, like the upgrade at Chester, which would bring help for north Wales passengers in the short term, simply are being ignored by the UK Government.So, I'm afraid, nice try, but not supported by the facts.

Questions Without Notice from Party Spokespeople

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: Questions now from the party spokespeople. The Conservative spokesperson, Natasha Asghar.

Natasha Asghar AS: Thank you so much, Presiding Officer. Deputy Minister, it might be a new year, but, as expected, the enormous level of anger, frustration and opposition to your costly 20 mph project continues to grow. Despite nearly 0.5 million people signing a petition to have the £33 million-venture axed, and countless protests taking place, including the one outside the Welsh Parliament here today, Labour Ministers are still refusing to do the right thing. Messages coming from Labour Ministers, particularly around enforcement and prosecution, have been, as my leader so perfectly put it, clear as mud.Presiding Officer, the Deputy Minister might try to blame the Welsh Conservatives for causing confusion over this policy—as he did last week—but the truth of the matter is the blame firmly lies at his door. Yet again, instead of accepting responsibility for his mistakes, the Deputy Minister points the blame elsewhere. Quite frankly, the roll-out of this vanity project has been nothing short of a shambolic process, with the Welsh Government continuing to cause complete confusion.So, Deputy Minister, being a new year, will you kick the new year off the right way and give the people of Wales what they want by rescinding this ridiculous 20 mph vanity project?

Lee Waters AC: Well, a happy new year to Natasha Asghar as well. I was reminded, listening to that, of the article in today's Nation.Cymru, which talks about the very high turnover of staff in the Conservative office. But the quote that really stuck out to me was about Andrew R.T. Davies—and I think it may apply to her as well—where an ex-staffer is quoted as saying he's not the
'kind of politician who's interested in getting practical policies worked up. What he loves most of all is having a go at the Welsh Government over issues like the 20mph speed limit'.
And I think that is spot on, and she has given exhibit A for the prosecution today.
As we discussed last week, there was cross-party support in this Senedd for taking a default speed limit approach. Rather than doing a street-by-street approach, which was not practical and much more expensive, the expert panel that we established recommended a whole-area approach, and that was supported in this Senedd, including by Laura Anne Jones, by Russell George and by a number of other Welsh Conservatives. [Interruption.] Now, Laura Anne Jones is trying to run away from the record but, if she looks at the motion she supported, it makes it very clear that it supported the approach of the Phil Jones report, which backed a default speed limit. And Laura Anne Jones is now telling the Chamber that I am misleading, which I am not, Llywydd, and I resent that; it's a matter of record.

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: Allow the Deputy Minister to respond.

Lee Waters AC: It is a matter of record—the approach taken in the recommendation of a motion in this Chamber, which was supported by the Conservatives, as it was supported by other parties. Now, we've moved on to the next phase of that, of working up the detail of that, and we have much rehearsed these arguments in this Chamber, and the position stands. We accept that the implementation of this in every community is not as it will end up being, I am sure, because local authorities will want to take advantage of four months of experience of living with the speed limit to revise some of the roads. So, for example, I was driving on the weekend in Cardiff, down Lloyd George Avenue, and I was surprised to see that Lloyd George Avenue is a 20 mph road. Now, the guidelines say that a street within 200m of housing would be expected to be 20 mph unless there was a good case otherwise. Now, of course, Lloyd George Avenue is within 200m of houses, and so you can see why, in a very literal interpretation of the guidance, that decision has been made. But, of course, there is a large hedge, there is a very wide pavement, there is a cycle lane. Now, from my point of view and of the sniff test that I've previously discussed, that would seem to me to be a prime candidate for revision, and there'll be examples like that across Wales, I'm sure. We want to get to a point where this policy settles down, where people get used to it. People are already driving slower, and as part of that process, there will be streets, of course, where councils will want to make changes, and that's as it should be. But that's a serious policy, that's a debate about implementation; it's not a debate about slogans, and it's not a debate about generating social media traffic, encouraged by Conservative colleagues in England.

Natasha Asghar AS: Wow. I don't even know where to begin with that, Deputy Minister. Firstly, I am fully aware that you have got a leadership contest happening amongst your party members. But for the record, you are the Deputy Minister of transport, not the Deputy Minister or Minister for human resources, God help our souls, so that's not going to be happening. For now, let me just carry on with transport, which is what we're here to discuss today.
Now, I was very disappointed about the answer that you just gave. Fear not, though, because the Labour Government has ordered a review into this disastrous 20 mph scheme. And which open-minded individual have they talked about leading this review? Unbelievably, Phil Jones, the same man who recommended the Welsh Government introduce this policy in the first place. You really couldn't make this up if you wanted to. This is simply a case of the Welsh Government marking its own homework when it comes to this policy. As far as I am concerned, we don't need a review. We need this policy scrapped, as we can already see the huge damage it's inflicting on Wales with a £9 billion blow to the economy, hampering people's livelihoods, damaging public transport networks and slowing down our emergency services. Regardless of what you're going to argue with me, Deputy Minister, it's the truth. But nevertheless, Deputy Minister, how on earth do you think this looks to the public—the public outside of this Chamber—that you've instructed a man who was instrumental in introducing this major policy, which has proved to be extremely controversial, to actually lead this review going forward?

Lee Waters AC: Well, you are impugning the reputation of a highly regarded professional across the transport industry in the UK with no basis at all. So, for the record, Phil Jones did not recommend the policy to the Welsh Government. The Welsh Government's policy was set. We asked Phil Jones to look into how it would best be implemented, working with a range of stakeholders and the people who would be charged with making this work in practice, and the clear mission was to come up with something that was workable. And he spent over a year coming up with that report and it recommended a default approach, which was endorsed in principle by the Conservatives in this Senedd Chamber. [Interruption.] Now, as soon as we start—[Interruption.]—as soon as we start then looking at how this is implemented in practice, of course there are people who are going to be disagreeing with that and, of course, the Conservatives seize a chance to again inflame opinion and try and get some popularity to disguise the fact their Government in the UK has wrecked the UK economy. So, again we're having smoke and mirror tactics from the Conservative benches. They have no constructive suggestions of their own about how to tackle road safety. They have no constructive suggestions of their own of how to achieve modal shift. They have no constructive suggestions of their own how to reduce noise pollution in communities. And despite all her claims that this is a deeply unpopular policy, cars are driving slower, people are complying with the spirit of the new law. This is popular in many streets and, in fact, some streets that have been exempted and kept at 30 mph—there are people living on those streets who are making the case to their local authority to reduce them to 20 mph.
So, this is going to be a period of flex and flux, as we look at looking at the implementation and how we iron out any inconsistencies. That's a normal process for any large-scale change. It was always our intention—in fact, we announced it some time ago—that we review this as it went along. Local authorities have the power, at any time. In fact, Neath Port Talbot Council have already carried out a review of its roads in the light of experience, and we encourage others to do the same, just as we encourage members of the public to feed back to local authorities which roads they think need looking at again. This can be done in a sensible, measured, responsible way, but, as the quote from the ex-staffer said, this is not about getting practical policies worked up, this is about having a go at the Welsh Government—because that's all the Welsh Conservatives are able to do.

Natasha Asghar AS: Right, Deputy Minister, once again let's go back to transport, because that's what we're here to do, not talk about human resources matters.
Now, you spoke about spirit. Let's talk about spirit now: what about the spirit of the 20 mph protesters that have been outside this particular Senedd in sun, rain, hail, you name it? How many times have you gone to meet them? None. Show me some spirit today, Deputy Minister, and go and speak to them today and see what the real view is on the ground, because you've been neglecting everyone who's opposed this so far and literally buried your head in the sand since this policy was introduced.
Now, coming back to my question. We all know that your blanket 20 mph project forms part of this Government's aggressive anti-motorist agenda. As well as the 20 mph speed limits, plans are also being drawn up to punish drivers further by congestion and road charges. And we now find that these anti-driver attacks aren't just coming from Labour Ministers in Cardiff Bay, with your Labour colleagues in Monmouthshire County Council wanting to kick the boot in further. Hidden away, on page 42, to be precise, of the council's local transport plan, is the idea of reintroducing the tolls on the Severn bridge. They believe that this move will, and I quote now,
'reduce journeys to/from Bristol by private car and subsequently would reduce traffic on the M4 and M48.'
End quote. I believe this move would have a devastating impact on residents, businesses and drivers, and would be the final nail in the coffin for the Welsh economy. So, Deputy Minister, out of sheer interest, do you support the return of the tolls on the M4 Severn bridge, and will you put pressure on your Labour colleagues at the council to make sure that this horrendous idea is a non-starter from day one?

Lee Waters AC: Well, heaven forbid the day arrives where Natasha Asghar finds herself as transport Minister, because she clearly has no grasp of the practicalities of how transport decisions are made.
We have a responsibility to set out a regional transport plan; every part of the country has to do that. As part of that, they have to look at a range of options and do an options appraisal—that's exactly what Monmouthshire council has done, as they are legally required to do, and as part of that, they look at a whole series of things that could be applied, and they concluded, in the case of this one, that it was not a desirable way to go forward. She knows that full well. There are no plans to reintroduce tolls on the Severn bridge. There never have been plans, and it was simply looking at all the options, as is responsible to do so, and they would be failing in their job of doing a proper assessment, had they not looked at those options.
Now, we can have a serious conversation about how we tackle congestion, how we reduce carbon emissions, how we reduce deaths on the road, or we can have knockabout, where everything is twisted and taken out of context in order to wind people up. Because Natasha Asghar and the Conservatives, I'm afraid, have nothing serious or constructive to say about transport in Wales. We simply get soundbites designed to mobilise dissent.
Now, in terms of the people who are protesting against the 20 mph speed limit, I completely understand this was never going to be a universally popular policy, as the other changes to roads policy, over the years, have not been. I was only reading the other day about the protests about the Belisha beacons that were introduced in the 1930s—protests as there were, and indeed death threats, to the transport Minister, Barbara Castle, who introduced the breathalyser, and about the protests of the seat belt law that was changed. And if you looked at those online, you will see very similar arguments that we are hearing today.
And so, of course, there are going to be people who do not like the idea of having to drive slower. We want to look at the impact it has on the people who live in streets, not just those people who drive through the streets, and this is an area where there has been consensus. We've had a number of Conservative Members making the case for 20 mph in their areas, and we've had the Conservative group here in the last Senedd endorsing the principle of a default approach. I'm afraid this Conservative group just simply wants to create headlines and distort the truth in order to get people worked up, and there is no basis in fact to it.

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: Plaid Cymru spokesperson, Delyth Jewell.

Delyth Jewell AC: Diolch, Llywydd. Since October Transport for Wales has received a total of £236 million in additional funding. Now, the total figure of cuts made to the draft budget for 2024-25, compared with indicative budget figures, is just under £270 million, so there has been a significant shift in funding towards TfW. The Welsh Government's justification for this has been that the pandemic created a major shortfall in actual ticket sales compared with, in the term put forward by the Welsh Government, the 'ambitious' revenue projections underpinning KeolisAmey's bid for the TfW franchise in 2018. So, that information that led to those projections from KeolisAmeyI think has significant public interest value, but when we submitted a freedom of information request for that information, we were told it's not currently held by the Welsh Government. So, could you, Minister, please explain why that is the case, and in the interests of transparency, would you commit to acquiring and publishing that information, please?

Lee Waters AC: Thank you for that. I think we've explained the underlying assumption of KeolisAmey's bid belonged to KeolisAmey. We simply do not have them, but our understanding is they had a very optimistic and ambitious set of assumptions based on a not unreasonable judgment that by introducing far more frequent and far more attractive trains, they would be able to dramatically increase passenger numbers. Now, that was not able to be put to the test because COVID came along, blew apart all those economic assumptions, and, indeed, resulted in KeolisAmey not being able to continue with the contract.So, you can say they were too optimistic in their figures, but, in a sense, it's a rather academic point, because COVID came along and made that all moot.
Now, of course, as a result of that, TfW's financial assumptions have had to be adjusted. We know the cost of building the metro and the so-called Cardiff Valleys line section, the CVL, has gone up, as indeed has every single construction project in the country because of materials and because of the cost of Brexit. So, there's obviously been an increased bill there that we've had to meet, and on top of that there is the gap in the accountancy underpinnings of the budget of TfW that was no longer there, and we had to fill it. Otherwise, we would have had to shut the railway, which wasn't a choice that we thought we could realistically make. So, we had to make that adjustment.

Delyth Jewell AC: Thank you for that, Minister. I don't think it is just an academic question, because of this really significant effect it's had and the implications for the rest of the budget. So, I would press you again, please, to acquire and to publish that information. Now, in terms of what you've been setting out about the effect of the pandemic, I wouldn't dispute it. I don't think anyone here would dispute that, in so many ways, the way in which that affected transport would have been unexpected, largely. TfW was far from unique amongst UK rail operators in experiencing a decrease in passenger numbers because of lockdowns and other behavioural changes.
Where TfW does appear rather anomalous, though, is the level of Government funding it continues to receive to manage that fallout, when compared especially with other publicly owned rail franchises like ScotRail. Despite the fact that ScotRail passenger numbers experienced a bigger hit in absolute and proportional terms compared with TfW because of the pandemic, the Scottish Government has been able to reduce its spending on ScotRail by 11 per cent, and they say that that's because of continued recovery in passenger revenue. Can you explain why TfW is apparently so less cost-effective compared with similar franchises, and when do you expect those numbers to recover?
Now, I would say, Llywydd—I know I'm out of time—I support public investment in rail hugely. I'm just trying to find out where these discrepancies are and what can be done to address them. Diolch.

Lee Waters AC: Well, we're constantly challenging Transport for Wales on their performance and upon their budget numbers. That is an intense process that I’m part of, and also the board of TfW are empowered to do. It’s my understanding that their performance is not wildly out of kilter with the other franchise arrangements, which of course have all been handed back to the Department for Transport. So, the model of privatisation the Conservatives imposed on us has fallen apart, as indeed many people said at the time, and we see no humility again from the Conservatives. We’ve seen the failure of bus privatisation, which is leading to the cuts we’re seeing now. We’ve seen a failure of rail privatisation, which has seen the situation we’re facing, with lack of investment and poor performance and maintenance of the railway network.
I’m happy to look at the exact parallel that Delyth Jewell makes on ScotRail and to respond to her about that. That’s not my understanding of the situation, but I’ll pledge to find out more.

The Learner Travel (Wales) Measure

Adam Price AC: 3. Will the Minister provide an update on the latest review of the Learner Travel (Wales) Measure? OQ60526

Lee Waters AC: Diolch. I'm currently reviewing a recommendations report based on the recent internal analysis and evaluation exercise and engagement with young people.

Adam Price AC: The Measure does impose a duty on local authorities to make an assessment of the transport needs of learners, and the Government considers safety as part of those needs, and the guidance does suggest risk assessments of the walking routes where that's appropriate. The problem is that local authorities don't interpret that as a statutory requirement, and that is a major problem, particularly in rural areas where many children do have to walk to gathering points, very often long distances, but also along narrow roads, and, during the winter, of course, when it's dark. So, as part of that review that has happened, is that question of ensuring that risk assessments are done, including of the walking routes, being made a statutory requirement, not least because one of your predecessors, Edwina Hart, said that not doing that risk assessment would be a breach of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child?

Lee Waters AC: Thank you. I do know that local authorities do take this very seriously, regardless of whether it’s a statutory responsibility or not. The approach that we’re trying to take here is to try and see the journey to school not simply as a stand-alone but as part of the wider way that we approach transport across our community. So, for example, we’re investing heavily in improvements to active travel routes for walking and cycling, we’re having enhancements through regular reviews and planning of future routes to make all pedestrians feel comfortable and safe to walk for short journeys. And most young people are making relatively short journeys to school.
There are of course issues there. I, some time ago now, went on a journey from his home village of Tumble to Maes y Gwendraeth school with some schoolchildren, carrying their bags and their guitar for them, on a fairly long walking trip along a path, and I must say my back was sore by the end of it. So, I’m very sympathetic to those people who are keen to have free bus travel when they’re very close to the threshold. The reality is that we simply do not have the money to put more money into school transport at a time when our whole bus network is under incredible pressure, and also, in franchising, we want to take again a whole-community approach to this. Over a quarter of school budgets are spent on the cost of running school buses. Those buses are then not available to the rest of the community for the rest of the day, and I think it makes far more sense for us, when we are looking at planning for franchising, that we look at the whole bus network for all people, including for school pupils, and we have a coherent network that runs for all passengers, rather than trying to silo it out. Now, that is part of the ongoing work that we’re doing as we prepare for the bus Bill, and we’ll be publishing a route-map towards franchising over the coming months.
We are close to a point where we can publish the learner travel Measure review, which has been a complex and long piece of work. And I think there's much that we can do there, even within the current system, and within the current funding, that can improve the school experience for young people. But I do want, rather than simply looking at school transport in isolation, to look at the broader problems we have about travel in Wales.

Laura Anne Jones AC: Deputy Minister, it's been years now since the learner travel Measure review and recommendations were published and I have real concerns about the direction of travel that school transport is going in. And I reiterate the calls that Adam Price just made for risk assessments to be made about children going on buses, as well as the walk routes, particularly in rural areas. Whereas putting all children on public transport in urban areas might work and might suit, it won't suit all rural areas. And there simply aren't—. No. 1, there simply aren't enough buses for children to get on where you're seeing a wraparound where children are having to wait 45 minutes before school and after school to actually get on a bus, and that, of course, has safeguarding issues, waiting in the cold and the dark, as well as the other safeguarding issues attached to that. But it's essential that we get things in place by September. We cannot repeat the mess there was at the beginning of the last school year that made many parents and many children and young people very anxious because they didn't know how they were going to get to school. So, can you reassure this Senedd, today, that you will have things in place and you will actually address and bring the recommendations to the floor of the Senedd so we can debate it? Thank you.

Lee Waters AC: Well, I reject the characterisation of last September. In fact, a huge amount of work went on throughout last year, which I led, to make sure that the new arrangements that we had in place for the bus system did not adversely affect on school transport routes, and worked closely with the education Minister on making sure that was the case. And it went smoothly.
In terms of the dangers of travelling on public transport in rural areas, I'm not sure there's a great deal of evidence for that. In fact, Monmouthshire County Council have a very effective system that they are running for school transport and we are keen to work with them to learn from that and from the rest of Wales.
And in terms of the broader point, then I'd be very keen to get a practical set of recommendations from Laura Anne Jones that are affordable within the austerity budgets that we have been handed down from her Government that meet the challenges that we face. Because, otherwise, this is simply hot air.

Adequate Housing and Fair Rent

Sarah Murphy AS: 4. What work has the Welsh Government undertaken to secure adequate housing and fair rent for the people of Bridgend and Porthcawl? OQ60528

Julie James AC: Thank you very much for the question. I'm delighted to say that Bridgend County Borough Council has just joined the Welsh Government’s Leasing Scheme Wales. This is the £30 million programme providing grants to local authorities to secure and manage safe and affordable accommodation from the private sector, including properties that were previously empty.

Sarah Murphy AS: Thank you, Minister. That's wonderful to hear. As you know, housing being one of the biggest concerns for people across Wales, the publication of the Welsh Government's Green Paper on housing adequacy and fair rents has been welcomed and has been said to be a huge step forward by many. As we know, there are many factors needed for securing a path towards adequate housing, including fair rents and affordability, and the Bevan Foundation and many others have always said that increasing the provision of social housing is vital.
So, I am pleased that, as part of the regeneration of Porthcawl, including shops and restaurants that you visited with us over the summer, community parks and toilets, a new primary school—it's a long list—I'm really pleased that, with the help of Welsh Government and Bridgend County Borough Council, land has been secured to ensure that, as part of the planned housing development, there'll be low-carbon housing, up to half of which will be singled out to be affordable, and social housing will be prioritised.
So, Minister, will you join with me in also welcoming this opportunity to reduce pressure on our social housing waiting lists, increase opportunities for young and new home owners to remain in Porthcawl near their families if they would like to, as well as help us meet all of our low-carbon social homes targets for Wales? Diolch.

Julie James AC: Thank you very much, Sarah. I'm absolutely delighted to join you in welcoming the opportunity. Our priority is to deliver more truly affordable homes within the social sector and to deliver 20,000 additional social homes for rent. Working with partners in Bridgend County Borough Council, we're currently seeking a master planning consultancy to design the redevelopment of the wider Porthcawl area in public sector ownership. It really is a very exciting opportunity to deliver significant benefits to the community of Porthcawl. We had a very nice visit there, as I recollect, which I really enjoyed. We acquired the land just after that visit, actually, in 2023 to advance the use for housing. Working with the council, the aim is to obtain a planning permission in 2025to deliver a mixed-use residential development, which will be around 900 dwellings, with 50 per cent of them being social and affordable. It's ambitious and challenging—we make no apology for that. We will work very closely with the council to make sure that the social housing is prioritised. We've allocated record levels of funding to the social housing grant to achieve this right across Wales, doubling the budget from 2020-21 to £300 million in 2022-23 and to £330 million in the current year, including £30 million for the transitional accommodation programme, and £325 million in 2024-25.
The latest statistical releases show that additional affordable housing of 3,369 affordable units was delivered across Wales, which is a 26 per cent increase on the previous year and the second highest total since the data was first recorded. So, I'm delighted that Bridgend will play a very pivotal part in achieving that target, and I think, actually, in regenerative language, if you like, the whole development is a really good example of what a mixed-use, including residential, development can do to completely transform an area and give local people the very high-quality housing that they both need and deserve, so I'm delighted to welcome that.

Altaf Hussain AS: It's great to know about Bridgend; it is on the right track. Minister, Wales is in a housing crisis, with some 100,000 homes completely vacant. Your Government has consistently failed to meet house building targets, currently building less than half the amount of houses needed. You have recently cut £19 million from the empty homes scheme, mounting further pressure on councils to use hotels for temporary accommodation. Concerns have also been raised about the unintended consequences of a vacant land tax, which could hinder new developments. So, Minister, what action will you take to incentivise house building and to bring empty homes back into use to provide people in Wales with homes they desperately need?

Julie James AC: Well, I just simply don't recognise that characterisation. We exceeded our target by a considerable proportion at the end of the last Senedd term, and I've literally just read you the statistics showing us on target for this term, so I just—. Well, I mean it's just, basically, not fact based, what you've just said. So, I'll just read it to you again: the latest statistical release to show progress towards the 20,000 homes target was published on 7 November. The key statistic is that in 2022-23, 3,369 additional affordable housing units were delivered across Wales. This is a 26 per cent increase—693 units—on the previous year and the second highest total since data was ever recorded, which was in 2007-08. I think those facts speak for themselves, Llywydd.

Retrofitting in Social Housing

Jayne Bryant AC: 5. What is the Welsh Government doing to deliver retrofitting in social housing? OQ60534

Julie James AC: Thank you very much, Jayne Bryant. The challenge to retrofit Welsh social homes is vast. We are supporting social housing landlords to understand their stock and the retrofit requirements to help us achieve the ambitious Welsh housing quality standard with programmes such as the optimised retrofit programme, through which £190 million has been allocated to date.

Jayne Bryant AC: Thank you for that answer, Minister. Housing associations across Wales are taking innovative action to tackle the climate emergency, including Pobl, Linc Cymru and Newport City Homes in my constistuency. Whilst carbon savings are very welcome, I want to focus on the health and well-being benefits of those measures. The current cold temperatures and cost of energy bills once again highlight the importance of heated, well-insulated homes. Increasing the number of retrofitted homes across Wales will undoubtedly improve public health, yet not all residents are aware of the health benefits of retrofitting or what exactly the process might involve. The short-term disruption of building work can also be a deterrent for people offered work by their housing provider. Minister, what more can be done to engage residents in the decision-making process for retrofitting their homes, helping them to understand and take advantage of available support?

Julie James AC: It's an excellent question, Jayne. The underlying principle of both the Welsh quality housing standard and the optimised retrofit programme is to deliver improved social, economic and well-being outcomes for tenants and for their whole communities. We actively engage with and encourage social landlords to undertake clear, targeted stakeholder engagement to outline the benefits and successes of the retrofit work to date. The idea is that the social landlords, who we fund and who have selections of housing that they can look at, will be able to tech and test exactly what you've just said—how long does this take, what's the outcome, what is the disruption and how can we minimise it—with a view to, through the Warm Homes energy hub, giving advice out to people in other sectors for how to go about that and what the programmes are. And in answering Jenny Rathbone earlier, I spoke a little bit about the ECO programmes and the boiler replacement programme from the British Government, which we signpost through our Warm Homes scheme. Unfortunately, because of the way the programme works, I haven't been able to announce it yet, but I am hoping very shortly to announce the outcome of the new Warm Homes programme procurement. The websites are active already, to give that information. The information is real and practical, because it's coming out of the optimised retrofit programme, which has literally tested it out on homes and then on people living in those homes, to make sure that what's claimed for the tech actually comes out the other side.
We also pick up tech from the innovative housing programme, which has been running for seven years now, so that we are able to recommend to people things that we know work. We've tested these out; some products didn't do what they said, other products have been fantastic and we're able to roll those out. We're also able to roll them out into our new build programme, so that when we build our new housing, it is low carbon, highly energy efficient and brings all the health benefits.
Llywydd, if you don't mind indulging me for one second, I will say that I did meet a lady in Ammanford in Adam Price's constituency, actually, who had recently moved into one of the new low-carbon homes. Her son had been using inhalers for his asthma in very large quantities for a very long time. When I met her, she'd lived in that new social home for about four months and her son wasn't using an inhaler at all. So, that is the evidence of what happens if you live in a well-heated, well-insulated home. It has massive health and social benefits, as well as the energy efficiency and money benefits that it brings.

James Evans AS: Minister, no-one can doubt that we need to make our social homes more sustainable and not just our social homes but our private homes as well, to make them carbon neutral, to make our homes warmer and to keep energy bills low for the people who live in them. Many of the social homes in my constituency are also in the national park and within conservation areas. These areas have very, very strict planning laws when it comes to altering external windows, external insulation and other energy efficiency measures. So, can you outline today, Minister, how you work with national parks and within conservation areas to make sure that everybody can benefit from the schemes that the Welsh Governments is providing?

Julie James AC: Yes. It's an excellent question, because what we need to be able to do is find a solution for every type of house that we have in Wales, and that's very much what we've been trying to do. So, there's no point in a one-size-fits-all approach; we have seen the outcome of that. So, with the last iteration of the Welsh housing quality standard, for example, most homes, the vast majority of them—well up into the 90 per cent—have benefited from that, but there was a percentage of them that experienced really bad condensation and so on, because the one-size-fits-all approach just didn't match the kind of home that they had and wouldn't have worked in a conservation area, for example. So, the point of the ORP programme is to take every kind of house that we have and test out what can be done, working with our national parks and our planning authorities, for what is allowable, and to do it in a way that becomes a practical piece of advice for people who live in other tenures who can access it.
I've also been working with the Development Bank of Wales for some time to figure out a way that we can do a decent loans programme and, as I said in answer to Jenny Rathbone, also talking to some of the renewable generators across Wales about how their community asset programme—'community benefit programme', I should say, not 'asset programme'—could be used to help people understand what retrofit needs they have, particularly in areas like that, so that we can get a bespoke solution for each of those people. And in addition, what the optimised retrofit programme does is it skills a workforce that can do it, because even if you know what the solution is, it can be hard to find somebody who can actually do it. So, I'm very keen that the optimised retrofit programme produces a skilled workforce as well as the tech solutions that would help people in houses such as those.

Water Quality

Paul Davies AC: 6. What steps is the Welsh Government taking to improve water quality in Preseli Pembrokeshire? OQ60499

Julie James AC: Thank you for the question, Paul Davies. Preseli Pembrokeshire is home to 14 designated bathing waters, all achieving the highest classification of 'excellent'. It is also home to the Cleddau, a special area of conservation river known for its array of wildlife. Our approach focuses on multisector co-operation and nature-based solutions to improve water quality across the catchment.

Paul Davies AC: Thank you for that response, Minister, and for the information that you've provided to me in correspondence this morning on the issues around the Cardigan waste water treatment works. Now, residents across Preseli Pembrokeshire continue to raise water pollution incidents and discharges from combined sewer overflows, highlighting the impact on the environment, but also the safety of water users. I know that there has been some investment from Dŵr Cymru in parts of my constituency, and there are projects that will be taking place over the next few months, which is, of course, welcome. But can you tell us what support the Welsh Government is offering to help expedite any improvement work in Pembrokeshire? And can you also tellus how the Welsh Government and, indeed, Natural Resources Wales are monitoring this work and holding Dŵr Cymru to account?

Julie James AC: Thank you very much. It's a very good question, and the answer is a little bit complex, because it involves us engaging all sectors that have a role to play. We've been doing that for some considerable time. I hope Paul Davies has noticed the Teifi demonstrator project that's happening. That is a very good example of the complexity of what we're trying to deal with, but also the solution-based outcomes we're looking at. That is a source-to-sea project on a river that engages all of the landowners all the way along, and all of the players, including the water companies, the agricultural landowners and other landowners, house builders, et cetera, to find a bespoke solution for each part of the river. The river has had to have some re-meandering as it's called, a great term, where hard old flood prevention measures have actually, we know now, narrowed the river and increased its flow and a number of things—and not just the Teifi, I'm talking more generally about rivers across Wales. It's pleasing to see such strong engagement from representatives from across a variety of sectors in getting to grips with that project, because what we're trying to do is figure out what works in a very practical way.
I do think it's important and I absolutely welcome the public scrutiny on this. It is something that we really need to have, and we need to have our feet held to the collective fire, if you like—if that's not a bad analogy for water—to make this happen. But I also think it's important to get the facts across. So, 98 per cent of designated bathing waters across Wales met the most stringent bathing water quality standards. In Preseli Pembrokeshire, all 14 bathing waters received the 'excellent' classification. That doesn't mean we couldn't even do better than that, because there have been discharges, as you say. But I just want to reassure people that it is safe to bathe in Preseli Pembrokeshire. You know very well, Paul, that's one of my favourite things to do, so I'm very personally invested in being able to do that. It's my absolute favourite spot, if I can manage to get a break, to sea bathe. It's fantastic, isn't it, to be able to do that.
But we are absolutely determined to work with all stakeholders across Wales to make sure that all of our SAC rivers get back into good conservation status by bringing to bear all of the levers that each sector of that complex web of people can do. The call has been, and people have answered it magnificently, not to point the finger at other sectors, but to see what your sector can do to contribute to this. So, the water company to see what it can do, farmers and the agricultural sector to see what they can do, house builders to see what they can do, everyone to play their part in making sure that their own industry and their contribution to water pollution is minimised and then turned around. I think we've got a very good process under way and, with any luck and the commitment that everyone has shown, the action plan will work and we will get that sorted. The Teifi will be an excellent demonstrator of how that works.

Availability of Social Housing

Vikki Howells AC: 7. What action is the Welsh Government taking to increase the availability of social housing in Cynon Valley? OQ60497

Julie James AC: Thank you for the question, Vikki Howells. This Government remains committed to delivering 20,000 homes for rent in the social sector this Senedd term. To support this commitment, record levels of funding have been provided through the social housing grant. Rhondda Cynon Taf has been allocated nearly £20 million, actually £19,975,226 to be precise,for social housing in 2023-24.

Vikki Howells AC: Thank you for that answer, Minister. Trivallis housing association gave 10 RCT families an early Christmas present last year, presenting them with keys to newly renovated family homes. These empty properties had been brought back into use through the transitional accommodation capital programme, transforming these families' lives, but also improving communities by bringing derelict properties back into use. I know Trivallis are keen to scale up this work, so whilst appreciating the pressures upon Government finances, I'd be keen to know how Welsh Government is working with social landlords, councils and other partners to bring specifically empty properties back to life and provide warm, safe, quality homes.

Julie James AC: Thank you very much for that question. It’s a really excellent one and it’s been great to see the Trivallis programme running out. As you rightly said, it’s part of the transitional accommodation capital programme that we established in 2022. The TACP programme, as it’s called—we love an acronym in the Welsh Government—provides funding to social landlords for a wide range of projects to deliver more homes at pace, and that includes, as you rightly say, Vikki, bringing void properties back into use. During the 2022-23 financial year, the programme provided funding to bring 374 voids, as they’re called, or empty properties, back into use to provide better quality, longer term accommodation for those currently living in poor-quality temporary accommodation. Applications to bring voids back into use are again being supported in this year, 2023-24. We work extensively with local authorities and registered social landlords to share good practice in relation to TACP, including the use of voids, and to support them to maximise available funding to bring forward good-quality homes at pace.
There are a number of other measures and funding packages in place to reduce the number of long-term empty homes in Wales. There’s £30 million, as I’ve said a couple of times in answer to other Members this afternoon, over the next five years for the leasing scheme Wales programme to support improvements to accommodation to bring them into the scheme, and an investment of £50 million is being made available to bring up to 2,000 long-term empty properties back into use through our empty homes grant scheme. The funding will accelerate our work to bring empty properties back into use and to complement our existing schemes. It does include nearly £43 million of recyclable funding we’ve provided to local authorities to enable them to provide interest-free property loans for landlords and home owners, for home improvements or to renovate empty properties and bring them back into use. Those loans have been used to bring around 1,850 units into use from empty properties across Wales and to improve around 1,700 occupied homes, which have now been brought up to standard.
And again, Llywydd, if you’ll indulge me for one second, I did meet a member of the public who’d taken advantage of those loans in your area, Vikki, a couple of years ago—I know you know the home owner in question—and not only had they got a home for themselves, but the entire street was lifted by it, and there was a real community feel to this empty home coming back into use, and taking away a blight on the street and replacing it with a lovely young family that had brought vibrancy to the community, and it was a joy to see. So, it really does work both for communities and for homes.

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: And finally, question 8, Mabon ap Gwynfor.

The TrawsCymru Bus Services

Mabon ap Gwynfor AS: 8. Will the Minister make a statement on TrawsCymru bus services? OQ60517

Lee Waters AC: We continue to invest heavily in our TrawsCymru strategic bus network and we have funded new services, including cleaner, newer buses, simplified and more affordable ticketing and improved frequencies.

Mabon ap Gwynfor AS: I thank the Deputy Minister for that response. The Deputy Minister, I’m sure, will be aware that I’ve been raising the case of the T2 and T3 services regularly. In the case of the T2, Garndolbenmaen has lost a very valued service, and students across that route going to educational institutions in Dolgellau. In the case of the T3, we’ve seen places like Llanuwchllyn and Llandderfel losing out on a crucial connection for the people in the communities there. Now, in looking at your document, 'National Transport Delivery Plan 2022 to 2027', under 'What we will deliver—Bus' on page 59, and I quote in English, it says:

Mabon ap Gwynfor AS: 'Strategic approach to service design.... We will also consult on any future changes, with local authorities, and user groups before making major changes.'

Mabon ap Gwynfor AS: Well, users of the T2 and T3 believe that those are major changes to the service, but there was no consultation whatsoever with bus users, people in the local community, or anyone else about these changes. So, can I ask you whether it’s right that Transport for Wales did not consult with bus users and those communities, and will you look again to ensure that the communities of Garndolbenmaen, Llanuwchllyn, Llandderfel and others do get that full service that they need?

Lee Waters AC: Well, can I just first of all apologise to the people of Garndolbenmaen for the interruption that there has been in their bus service? TfW were working with Gwynedd Council for some two years, planning on changes to the network to provide better coverage, in fact, on the corridor between Caernarfon and Blaenau Ffestiniog. It was decided to supplement the T2 with another service, the T22, which will in fact operate from the village and offer some similar journey times. Now, unfortunately, Gwynedd Council had real difficulty getting the operation up and running because the electric vehicles that were needed couldn’t be mobilised in time and the charging stations couldn't be got online. As a result of that, there's been a slight delay in the new T22 service coming online. In the meantime, the council had provided alternatives. I'm pleased to say that the new T22 will come into service on 12 February and will serve Garndolbenmaen on six return journeys a day between Caernarfon, Porthmadog and Blaenau Ffestiniog. It will also enhance the frequency on the common sections of the route between Caernarfon and Porthmadog to hourly. So, there have been some hiccups there, for which I do apologise. I hope people understand why that has happened. We have worked very closely with the council. I think it will produce a much better overall service for passengers and, hopefully, increase passenger numbers.

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: I thank the Deputy Minister and the Minister for that item.

2. Questions to the Minister for Education and the Welsh Language

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: We now move to item 2, questions to the Minister for Education and the Welsh Language. The first question is from Janet Finch-Saunders.

School Students with Additional Learning Needs

Janet Finch-Saunders AC: 1. What steps is the Minister taking to support school students with additional learning needs? OQ60508

Jeremy Miles AC: I'm deeply committed to delivering the ALN reforms that aim to enable learners with additional learning needs to have the right support and opportunity to reach their potential. That's why I have significantly increased ALN funding and protected this investment in the draft budget.

Janet Finch-Saunders AC: Thank you. You’ll recall that, last year, last summer, I raised the fact that my colleague shadow Minister Laura Anne Jones had accompanied me to Ysgol San Siôr, and they’re not the only school that have raised with me their concerns about there not being enough money for this ALN agenda.
The additional learning needs resource budget allocation has been slashed by 86 per cent from £25 million to £3.5 million. Simultaneously, in Conwy county, schools are having to continue operating despite the current year’s education budget being slashed by 5 per cent, a likely further cut in the education budget for 2024-25, and the local authority cabinet recently deciding to charge cash-strapped schools interest on bridging loans.
Our hard-working teachers in Aberconwy are being left with fewer resources to support children with ALN. Thanks to Senedd scrutiny here by these benches, we know the pressures facing our schools in delivering the new ALN system. So, what impact, as the Minister—and, indeed, as the leader-in-waiting, perhaps—do you think cuts to school budgets will have on the ability of schools to transition effectively from special educational needs to the new ALN system? Diolch.

Jeremy Miles AC: Teachers in her constituency will want to know that she has misread the Government’s draft budget. As I made clear in my opening response, we have in fact increased in previous years and protected in this budget the ALN investment. That is the actual position. Her point is misrepresenting the budget in that respect and I hope that she will accept that.
She makes a fair point about the pressures in schools in relation to the transition to the new additional learning needs reforms. You could even say that now is the point of maximum pressure, because schools are operating two systems: the new reforms that are coming in and the older reforms for older children. So, it is a time of pressure and there are young children presenting in schools with increasingly complex needs. That is why it’s been so important to be increasing the budget to facilitate the reforms over recent years, and that’s why it has been so important to protect that in this year’s budget.
She will know as well that we are undertaking a review of the approaches taken across Wales to allocating additional learning needs funding to schools. There is a level of variation between local authorities. You’d expect to see some variation, but we want to understand quite why that variation exists. I’ll be happy to share the conclusions of that review with the Chamber in due course.

Jack Sargeant AC: Minister, Mark Isherwood and I have previously raised the holiday club support at Ysgol Pen Coch in Flintshire in questions to you here in the Senedd, and I was grateful for your intervention. It was an intervention that made a real difference to the students. Can I also thank the school, the parents at the school, Flintshire council and colleagues in the Welsh Government too for the innovative way in which they found a solution? It did make a real difference to the well-being of the students, I must say.
Minister, I'm seeking your support once again to ask that Welsh Government officials do have a further conversation with Flintshire colleagues and relevant stakeholders so that they can enable the school to have a year-round support hub and provide that year-round support for the students with those needs. Therefore, can I ask you to engage your officials, and ask them to speak with the council, speak with the relevant stakeholders, to discuss this further? It's an ambition shared by all colleagues who represent the Flintshire authority here in the Senedd. Diolch.

Jeremy Miles AC: I thank Jack Sargeant for that supplementary question. He has, of course, raised Ysgol Pen Coch with me previously, and I'm glad that that opportunity created some ability to engage with the school in relation to the provision. I think he's right to say that the solution that they discovered was innovative. It's really important, isn't it, to try and find innovative approaches to all sorts of provision, right across Wales, and that can be an example to others as well. I'll be very happy to ask my officials to facilitate a further meeting between Ysgol Pen Coch and Flintshire County Council, to understand their position and any potential plans for a year-round support hub.

Teaching Assistants

James Evans AS: 2. What is the Welsh Government doing to support teaching assistants in schools? OQ60498

Jeremy Miles AC: We are committed to continuing to enable teaching assistants to improve their skills and to help them to engage with professional learning. We are working closely with our partners to facilitate clearer learning pathways, including pathways to achieve the status of higher level teaching assistant.

James Evans AS: I thank the Minister for his answer. We had a long discussion about this in committee this morning, about teaching assistants. But a lot of the teaching assistants who I speak to—. They are vital in delivering the new Curriculum for Wales, but a lot of them do say they don't get enough training on delivery of the curriculum or upskilling themselves to be able to help the teachers in the classroom. So, I'd be interested to know what the Welsh Government is doing to upskill our teaching assistants in the classroom, and educate them on the new curriculum and how they can best deliver that to the pupils in our classrooms.

Jeremy Miles AC: I thank James Evans for that question. We did have, I thought, a very productive discussion in the committee this morning in relation to this. He will recall that I outlined to him how important this is to me. Can I also take the opportunity of thanking Unison, who presented me recently with the response to their survey, which sought to take the views of teaching assistants in relation to training generally, but training in relation to the curriculum specifically? As I mentioned this morning, we have introduced the new national entitlement to professional learning, which is an entitlement that teaching assistants have, as teachers have. That's probably a year in now, and there have been high levels of engagement with it, but we obviously want to promote that even further, in particular to teaching assistants. He will also be aware of the teaching assistant learning pathway, which is designed to support the professional learning of all teaching assistants, and he will know of the investment that we make every year into that pathway.
In my discussions with teaching assistants and their representatives in relation to this, what has emerged is that the training that is available to professionals generally in relation to the curriculum is often targeted at and communicated to teachers but not to teaching assistants. So, in those discussions, I've already committed to looking again at how we promote, sometimes how we describe, the resources that are available, so that they are readily identifiable by teaching assistants as being something that they will benefit from as well as teachers. So, there are practical things that we can do in that way, and we have also been discussing how much more we can do to make sure that INSET days are deployed to provide training for teaching assistants alongside teachers. There is some good practice, but there is more that we can do. We can support schools to roll that out further, and I think that would be a very important priority.

Sarah Murphy AS: Minister, teaching assistants, as we know, play a really important role in schools, and we also know that they often form very close relationships with children, often working with them on a one-to-one basis, which is crucial. Lots of teaching assistants tell me they absolutely love their jobs—working hard every day to improve the lives of our young people in Wales. Everyone agrees that they are valued as an integral part of the school workforce, and an important role as part of a high-quality education profession. Teaching assistants have long been highlighting concerns in relation to their roles in schools, though, so I'm pleased that, as part of the Welsh Government's social partnership approach, their concerns are currently being considered by a group made up of Welsh Government officials, local authorities, who employ teaching assistants, and education trade unions. I know, for example, that GMB and Unison—and I'm a member of both of those trade unions—have played a big part in this work. As you've identified, knowing your rights, Minister, and knowing the terms and conditions and your entitlements is crucial. You've launched this Hwb website, and I was wondering if you could give us an update on how that social partnership work is going, and also the engagement that you've had through that information on Hwb.

Jeremy Miles AC: I thank Sarah Murphy for that question. Can I actually echo the point that she made about how central teaching assistants are to the provision of education in our schools? They do incredible work. When I became Minister, I met early on with groups of teaching assistants, via both Unison and GMB, to discuss with them their first-hand experiences, and some of the concerns that, as Sarah Murphy said, they'd been sharing for some time. From those meetings, we developed a broad-based work programme to try and move forward some of the issues that they had been flagging, as I say, for some time.
There's a piece of work that has been led very substantially by teaching assistants themselves, working with heads, on job roles, to try and move to a position where there's a more common set of job roles across the 22 authorities in Wales. I thank the authorities that have engaged with them in that process as well. But alongside that, there's work on guidance in relation to deployment, guidance in relation to professional learning, a representation or a voice for teaching assistants on the governing bodies of schools, and I think, in each of these areas, we've been able to make quite substantial progress.
We had a meeting only yesterday of the social partners to discuss the progress, in particular, that had been done in relation to job roles, and I think it was, if I may say, an exemplar illustration of how you can make real strides forward to try to resolve some of these challenges when you're able to work in that open, collaborative, respectful way that social partnership provides. I look forward to completing this comprehensive work programme in the same way.

Questions Without Notice from Party Spokespeople

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: Questions now from the party spokespeople. The Conservative spokesperson, Laura Anne Jones.

Laura Anne Jones AC: Diolch, Llywydd. Minister, I recently read your piece in LabourList—a first for me, I must admit. But it had an interesting quote:
'Over time the funding spent on schools will increase as a percentage of the Welsh Government's budget. In fact, actually it builds on the work that I've already been doing.'
Minister, I did a double take when I read your quote. Was that just an attempt to pull the wool over the eyes of your own Labour members or your failure in office? I would love to know what this work is that you're building on, because it sure isn't an increase in funding. The facts are clear: you have cut the education budget this year in cash terms by £56 million. In real terms, that represents a £140 million reduction, and this on top of a cash and real-terms cut last year.
Mark Drakeford as First Minister has failed to prioritise education, just like his predecessors. Will you now, on record, say that, if you were First Minister, you would, at the very least, drop these pet projects of blanket 20 mph and hundreds of millions of pounds spent on more politicians, and plough that money where it is needed, in our children's education in Wales?

Jeremy Miles AC: Might I suggest the Member focus her scrutiny efforts on my current role as education Minister? Might I also suggest that she reads rather more closely what she’s been finding in LabourList? But I’m sure LabourList will be very pleased to hear the extent of their reach.
As she will know from the discussions we’ve had in the committee and elsewhere, the Government has protected, in the Welsh Government budget, the sums that go to schools, both in the very difficult set of choices that we had to make in relation to in-year reductions last year, and in relation to the choices we’ve had to make to deal with the pressures in the 2024-25 budget. She will know that the grants we pay to schools have retained their value in both of those years. Indeed, the approach that we are taking now, which is to make those grants more flexible, more easily deployed by schools, is intended to make them even more valuable, and put trust in the hands of local authorities and teachers about how best to reach the outcomes that we have as shared priorities with them.

Laura Anne Jones AC: Minister, on the back of consecutive years of education budget cuts, it is clear that you’re now trying to claim that there is extra money going into education via local government budgets. But the reality is that councils such as the Labour-run Monmouthshire, for example, are actually proposing to cut their education budget to the tune of nearly £1 million. We see similar cuts from Caerphilly council and other councils across Wales. Your words simply don’t match the reality on the ground. The money that has been diverted to the local government budget, and promised to schools by you, is simply just going to plug the gaps from council cuts, which means there is absolutely no guarantee that money will get where it’s urgently needed in our schools. Minister, you claim there is an increase in funding to education. With the cuts at Senedd and council level, how will this equate to an increase in funding?

Jeremy Miles AC: I actually said that schools grants had been preserved, rather than increased, so let’s have some regard to what I actually said in response to your earlier questions. The truth is councils right across Wales, heads right across Wales, managing difficult budgets, will know what is at the heart of that, and it is the fact that we have a Conservative Government in Westminster handing out austerity budgets to us in Wales and other parts of the UK. They understand very well what is at the heart of this challenge. [Interruption.] There is no pulling the wool—there is no pulling the wool—over their eyes in the way that the Member is seeking to do. And she will know very well that, day in, day out, teachers are doing their best to manage very challenging budgets, and I commend them for that in very difficult circumstances. What we need is a Labour Government in Westminster prepared to invest in public services, as we do here in Wales.

Laura Anne Jones AC: Yet, Minister, education standards have gone up in England significantly, haven't they, yet they've gone down in Wales, and the rest of the UK have all gone up, apart from Wales. Your time as education Minister can only be characterised by one word: failure. You now enter a leadership campaign promising the world, like in LabourList—I'll name-check them again—but, in reality, you have failed the next generation at every turn. Minister, I once again found myself perplexed by reading your leadership bid comments. You said, and I quote,
'Under my leadership, we will have unapologetically high expectations in education'.
And this is coming from a man who's presided over Wales's worst ever PISA results, the worst educational outcomes in the UK on record. Minister, this Labour Government has refused to apologise for decades of failure in education, which has put Wales on the bottom of every education league table. And, to make matters worse, you refuse to set a target for the next set of PISA results in three years' time, or even the one after, to be held accountable against. Minister, you risk our children and young people's future by failing to tackle the teacher recruitment crisis; you have failed to end violence in schools, in fact, letting it spiral out of control; you have failed ALN students by refusing to meet their demands, those that are deaf, those who have sight problems, those with speech and language issues, who are simply not getting what they need, and you know it. You have piled directive after directive, pressure after pressure on our teachers, on our schools, and have not followed it with the money to deliver. This may be your last education Minister questions. Can you, on record, say that you are genuinely proud of your record in office? Will you, as one of your potentially last acts as education Minister, finally commit to setting a target for the next set of PISA results, as part of your commitment to unapologetically high standards, and show some actual ambition to try and drag Wales up to at least the level of the rest of the UK, if not, hopefully, above?

Jeremy Miles AC: Well, by the looks of the benches behind the Member, the fact that she's reading my speeches with quite such detail isn't doing her own leadership ambitions any good at all [Laughter.] She, as always, makes the comparison between Wales and England. England, Conservative England, in which schools are crumbling—in which schools are crumbling—which saw seven days lost to strikes last year, which has education spending lower than it is in Wales, which has the unit rate of free school meals lower than it is for Wales, which has—

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: I allowed the Member to have a very long time to ask her question. I now need the Minister to be heard in his answer. Thank you, Minister.

Jeremy Miles AC: Llywydd, I'll begin again, if I may, because I don't think the benches opposite heard this: school buildings crumbling in England compared to Wales; strikes in England in schools for seven days, compared to two days in Wales; education spending lower in England than it is in Wales—[Interruption.]—absolutely; support for students lower in England than it is for Wales. In any of these measures, I would be embarrassed to be highlighting Conservative England to us as an example in Wales.

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: The Plaid Cymru spokesperson, Sioned Williams.

Sioned Williams AS: Thank you, Llywydd. The Welsh Government’s draft budget will make significant cuts to post-16 education, with some of the most prominent cuts to education being in funding for postgraduate studies. There is no doubt that moving to a loan-only system for postgraduate students will increase levels of inequality in terms of access to higher education, especially given that students have been hit extremely hard by the cost-of-living crisis. NUS Wales has heard from a number of postgraduate students in Wales who say that they would not have been able to undertake their studies if it were not for the grant element of their financial support. For example, one student at Cardiff University, who’s a single parent, said that she would not be able to study and keep a roof over her child’s head without the grant. This student returned to university to reskill for a career in heritage, something that Wales, as a second-chance nation, should celebrate and encourage. I know that you agree that education can transform lives and help eradicate poverty across generations. So, how are you going to mitigate the impact of this on our brightest students who come from the most disadvantaged backgrounds? And do you accept that these cuts will increase socioeconomic inequality in terms of access to higher education?

Jeremy Miles AC: Well, these decisions are exceptionally difficult, and the challenge raised by the Member is fair. They are not easy decisions to make. The choice we have as Ministers is how we can use the scarce resources that we have and what will have the most positive, progressive impact in enhancing equality, prosperity and well-being within our communities, and the choice that I had to make in this context was to consider whether we would continue to provide grants to a relatively limited group of people at the end of an academic journey or whether we would use those funds to ensure that every child in every school in Wales gets the support that they need for those core skills.
And on the point that the Member makes in terms of ensuring that we have an equal society, providing every opportunity for individuals to prosper, we know from evidence that the earlier in the education journey that you spend that money, the more positive the impact will be over the course of one's life. So, that is what's at the core of the decision that I've had to make to prioritise the pre-16 sector and use some of the postgraduate grant funding in order to do that. We still offer the most supportive system in Wales in supporting first-time graduates, and we're very pleased to be doing that.

Sioned Williams AS: Thank you. Of course, those higher skills and the need to reskill is something that closes the equality gap in terms of wages and attainment, and also as regards our economy as well. And the Government's own analysis shows that the cuts to postgraduate grants and bursaries will have a disproportionate impact on specific groups within society. For example, women who want to study STEMM subjects and also Welsh speakers. One student who is pursuing an MSc course at Aberystwyth, for example, said that she would not have been able to meet basic living costs without the bursary from the Welsh Government.
Master's courses provide those advanced skills that are essential to the development of those fields or institutions and, as I said, our economy, through innovation and research. And the removal of those bursaries that support postgraduate studies taught through the medium of Welsh also undermines the urgent need to ensure Welsh language skills among those who lead within our workforces. Do you accept that, by introducing these cuts, the Government is likely to widen the gender pay gap and undermine the goal, perhaps, in the 'Cymraeg 2050' action plan to develop the Welsh-medium workforce, because if we don't support Welsh-medium postgraduate students, who is going to develop the necessary resources and technology that we need to increase the number of Welsh speakers, increase the use of the Welsh language and create favourable conditions for the Welsh language?

Jeremy Miles AC: I understand why the Member asks the question, but I don't agree that that's the impact of this. These bursaries are important, but they are in addition to a student support system that is among the most generous of any part of the UK. So, that's an important consideration here. This is additional funding on top of a system that is already very supportive and reaches a small number of people. So, just as I had to make a decision in terms of moving from grants to loans for postgraduates, it's the same thinking that's behind this.
She asked the question as to whether this will have a disproportionate impact. Well, it will if you look at this particular source of funding, but my argument would be that if you do not prioritise those earlier years, then that will have an even more disproportionate impact. And therefore, given the challenge that we face and the process that we have of balancing the impact of one cut against another, my decision is to ensure that we prioritise school years, because we do know just how important they are in providing opportunities later in life to people generally.

The Creative Arts

Jayne Bryant AC: 3. How is the Welsh Government supporting school children to engage in the creative arts? OQ60533

Jeremy Miles AC: The expectation of the Curriculum for Wales is that all learners develop their creativity, and expressive arts is one of the six mandatory areas. Both the Creative Learning through the Arts programme and the National Music Service give learners important opportunities to engage in the creative arts.

Jayne Bryant AC: Diolch, Weinidog. As the chair of the Senedd's cross-party group on arts and health, I'm keen to raise awareness of the benefits that the arts can bring to health and well-being. That's, of course, for all ages, including children and young people. On a recent visit to the amazing Ballet Cymru, who are based in my constituency, I heard about their Duets programme. A unique scholarship programme, Duets is specifically designed to identify talent and open up progression pathways for young people who would not usually have that opportunity to access and engage with dance. The programme is delivered in partnership with primary schools, community dance organisations and freelance professionals. Ballet Cymru are now looking to expand the programme to more schools, supporting more young people to get involved in the creative industries. Minister, would you accept an invitation to visit a school delivering the Duets programme with Ballet Cymru and me so that you can see for yourself the brilliant work that they do with young people through the Duets programme?

Jeremy Miles AC: Well, can I thank the Member for the work that she has done—and has done for, I think, the entirety of her time in the Senedd—to promote the benefits of arts in health? It's an interest and a commitment that I share with her. It's great to hear about her visit to Ballet Cymru, and the Duets programme in particular, and I would be more than happy to visit Ballet Cymru with her and see the excellent work that they are doing with young people.

Natasha Asghar AS: Minister, National Theatre Wales plays a pivotal role in getting schoolchildren involved in theatre and the arts, which is an incredibly important sector. Some of the work that they do engage in with young people includes workshops, performance opportunities and projects within schools and universities. The overarching aim of this is to give young people opportunities to grow their confidence and to explore a future in the theatre or the arts sector—incredibly important work, as I'm sure you'll agree, Minister. However, National Theatre Wales has had its funding axed by 100 per cent and, as a result, there have been stark warnings that it will not be able to survive beyond April 2024. Minister, what assessment has the Welsh Government made about the impact that these cuts will have on schoolchildren accessing the creative arts and what will the Welsh Government be doing to bridge this gap? So, Minister, out of interest, do you support—? My apologies; that's it. [Laughter.]

Jeremy Miles AC: I know that the Deputy Minister will have considered very, very carefully all the implications of the challenging budget settlement, including the effects on the national theatre. There are many, many ways in which our young people are able to access a range of creative experiences both in theatre and, indeed, in other media—we just heard of an important contribution that Jayne Bryant was telling us about—and I think it's really important that schools are able to take advantage of a range of organisations and the services and facilities they provide, and it's really important from the perspective of access to experiences that, actually, many young people wouldn't otherwise have—so, a general benefit in terms of access to creativity and to learning, but that specific benefit of having the opportunity to be in a live theatre setting or a live music setting. Many of us will have taken that for granted over the years; I don't think we should. Many young people don't otherwise have access to those, so I'd like to thank all the organisations that support schools to do that.

Education Cuts

Rhys ab Owen AS: 4. What steps is the Minister taking to ensure that the education cuts set out in the Government's draft budget don't disproportionately impact the most vulnerable children? OQ60500

Jeremy Miles AC: Supporting our most vulnerable learners and tackling the impacts of poverty on attainment is central to our national mission. Our draft budget seeks to protect funding for schools and for programmes like the pupil development grant, ensuring support is available to those who need it most.

Rhys ab Owen AS: Thank you for that response, Minister. You know better than anyone in this Senedd the impact that serious cuts to the budget will have. Following the cuts to your own budget, there is concern now about funding additional learning need. As there is talk of grants shifting to the broader grants budget pot, I have heard concern that cuts to these important grants in ALN will have an impact. Laura Anne Jones and Peredur Owen Griffiths raised this with the Minister for Finance and Local Government before Christmas. Indeed, Peredur Owen Griffiths raised the old trick of hiding cuts by moving to a larger pot so that administrative costs are cut. Minister, can you give us a pledge that there won't be cuts to the additional learning need grants that are so important to children and families?

Jeremy Miles AC: Well, I will take the opportunity to state again that there is no cut to that budget.

Peter Fox AS: Following on from that same theme, actually, and I won't rehearse everything Rhys said—. Basically, whilst we know—. The perceived £22.1 million, which was the perceived ALN cut, has now entered the reformed local authority education grant, and it's in theory to support ALN. With that in mind, Minister, can we be reassured, building on what Rhys said, that that £22.1 million dedicated to ALN as we knew it won't be lost within that reformed grant and diverted from its original purpose, to help those young people who have ALN? Is it your expectation that local authorities use all of that resource to implement your legislative changes? I'm just conscious of the pressure councils are going to be facing, as they have to potentially mobilise resources from many other sources. It's so important that that ALN allocation, wherever it sits, is used for its purpose.

Jeremy Miles AC: Yes, I'm certain it will be used for its purpose and I know that in a previous life I'm sure he would have welcomed the partnership approach and the collaborative approach that underpin the changes that we're making to these grants, so that we can work with authorities to deliver the outcomes that we both have in common as priorities. As I've said in my responses to many questions today, over £53.6 million is protected in the draft budget for next year, and I'm glad that that's the case. It's a very important priority for the Government. We've already discussed today the pressures on schools in relation to the reforms themselves. That's why protecting the budget and providing authorities the level of flexibility to deploy that, perhaps even more creatively or more innovatively than the current arrangements allow, is a really important way to focus on the outcomes that we are trying to achieve.

Huw Irranca-Davies AC: The pressures on budgets because of the deeply unsatisfactory settlement from the UK Government is intense right across the UK and right across Welsh Government in every department. But one of the big successes that we have had is the focus in recent years on making sure that those pupils in those communities that face the greatest disadvantage have the right measures put in place to protect them, so things such as the joint work with Plaid Cymru on things such as free school meals, but the free school breakfast as well, for primary schools; the school essentials grant; the rise in the educational maintenance allowance; the assistance with school uniforms—all of these things really matter to constituents in some of the most disadvantaged situations within my community. So, can I just get his assurance that even when faced with really difficult choices across budgets at the moment, he will work with local education authorities to make sure that we can continue to line up those measures that will give that hand up to pupils and to families who face the greatest challenges?

Jeremy Miles AC: Yes, I will absolutely give that assurance to Huw Irranca-Davies. He makes very important points. If you look through the budget, despite horrendously difficult choices that we've had to make—and all Ministers have been in that situation—we've been able to protect the pupil development grant. We've been able to protect the school holiday enrichment programme. We've been able to protect the increased level of education maintenance allowance, as you were saying. We've been able to protect the increased level of the financial contingency fund, which further education colleges use to support learners who are eligible for free school meals. There have been other areas that have had to be cut in order to make these choices to protect these important elements in the budget, and I know, as he will, that our local authorities are doing all they can to try and find ways in which they themselves can protect the same cohort of learners, who will be having a very, very challenging time, and I give him the commitment that I will continue to work with our local authorities on that shared priority.

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: Question 5, Laura Anne Jones.

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: You have a question on the order paper, Laura Anne Jones—question 5.

Laura Anne Jones AC: I need to see what question it is.

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: I don't think you're ready to do your question. I'll move on and give somebody else the opportunity.

Question 5 [OQ60525] not asked.

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: Question 6, Alun Davies.

Financial Support for Students

Alun Davies AC: I'm grateful to you, Presiding Officer.

Alun Davies AC: 6. Will the Minister make a statement on future financial support for higher and further education students? OQ60518

Jeremy Miles AC: Statutory student support remains available to eligible students commencing higher education in the academic year 2024-25. For younger learners in further education, we are maintaining our education maintenance allowance scheme at £40 per week and, for those over 19, our Welsh Government learning grant further education scheme at £1,500 a year.

Alun Davies AC: I'm grateful to the Minister for that response and, of course, it is fundamental to people's ability to partake in education and post-16 education that there is financial support available for them, and that goes to the heart of making education available as a real choice for everybody, including the poorest and most vulnerable students in the country. Will the Minister make a commitment this afternoon that he will continue to ensure that this area is protected, that the level of the EMA, which he has protected, will continue to be protected, and that future financial support will continue to be available for students to enable everybody, not just the richest, but the poorest people, to benefit from education?

Jeremy Miles AC: Yes, we're very pleased to have been able to increase the education maintenance allowance, and as he will know, I don't need to remind him, in other parts of the UK, Conservative England have abolished that a long time ago. So, I think it's a very important way in which we can remove that extra pressure on students after the age of 16. We were hearing very clearly from people that people were making the choice not to go on to college or stay on at college because they couldn't afford to do that. So, I'm very proud that we've been able to do that, and we will maintain that.
I mentioned earlier a number of other ways in which we have been supporting students in my answer to Huw Irranca-Davies, and alongside EMA, of course, we have the financial contingency fund, which colleges draw on to be able to provide that extra support to learners who need some financial support. It's really important, as he says, that we make a reality of that promise that we made to young people that cost shouldn't be a barrier to study, and shouldn't be a barrier to success, and it's one of many ways in which we've been able to do that through the education budget.

Altaf Hussain AS: Minister, financial support for higher and further education students is not only vital, but is also an important tool to incentivise students to undertake studies that benefit the nation. For example, the bursaries provided to those studying a career in medicine can encourage students to enter the field. Minister, have you discussed with Cabinet colleagues the possibility of paying the tuition fees of all students who commit to serve in the Welsh NHS for a minimum of five years?

Jeremy Miles AC: Well, as the Member will know, we already provide particular support for students who commit to serve in the NHS. We would always look at ways in which a joined-up approach across the Welsh Government's budget is able to meet our common ambitions, and I think the experience that we've had over the last few months of looking at very difficult budget choices has, I think, enabled Ministers to look very closely at that sense of 'one public sector, one public service', where funding in one area can support activity in another, and I think that is a very good way of proceeding.

Financial Pressures facing Schools

Jane Dodds AS: 7. What assessment has the Minister made of the financial pressures facing schools in the forthcoming year? OQ60516

Jeremy Miles AC: We recognise the cost-of-living crisis is putting schools under significant pressure and that there are no easy answers to resolving these issues. We've prioritised protecting core front-line public services, including schools, through protecting the indicative rise for the local government settlement and prioritising funding that goes directly to schools.

Jane Dodds AS: Thank you for that response, Minister.

Jane Dodds AS: Within Mid and West Wales, the picture is bleak. As of November last year, current deficits—26 schools in Powys had financial problems, with a cumulative deficit of £3.5 million by March 2024, with the figure projected to be £7.9 million by March 2027. As I mentioned last week, expanding eligibility for the pupil development grant is one way we could think of addressing this funding, by providing more direct funding to schools. If students eligible for free school meals could continue to receive PDG funding for six more years, even if they lost their eligibility for free school meals, it would more equitably address the growing schools' budget crisis. I know you are protecting the PDG as it is at the moment, and I'm well aware of the budget challenges to the Welsh Government, but I wondered if you would consider expanding the PDG eligibility to more equitably tackle the escalating school deficit dilemma. Diolch yn fawr iawn.

Jeremy Miles AC: I thank Jane Dodds for that question. She will know from the discussions we've had in the Chamber today and previously that the challenge that the Government has faced has been to find the resources to meet our existing programmes of support and our existing commitments, and that in itself, in the punishing context of a reducing budget from the UK Government, has meant very, very challenging choices even to meet our existing commitments. So, whereas in ordinary times we would be looking for ways in which we can extend the support that we offer—PDG is one of those elements, but there are a range of others that I've listed in the Chamber today that we are making available through the education budget. In the current climate, it simply has not been possible to do more than meet the commitments that we already have, but we will always look for ways in which we can use the budget that we have to support those who need the most support, and I hope that she would recognise that, in many other ways, the education budget has been able to do that.

Changes to School Holidays

Sam Rowlands AS: 8. Will the Minister provide an update on plans for changes to school holidays in Wales? OQ60501

Jeremy Miles AC: Proposals around the structure of the school year are subject to a public consultation that was published on 21 November last year and runs until 12 February this year.

Sam Rowlands AS: Thank you for the update, Minister. I'm sure you will acknowledge that there are deep challenges with education in Wales, and, as Laura Anne Jones pointed out earlier, some of the most recent PISA results being further evidence of that. What that points to, in my view, is the life chances of children across Wales being damaged because of those poorer educational outcomes, and it's going to take a huge endeavour to turn this system around, but instead of using every bit of energy possible to turn this system around, what we are presented with is some tinkering, trying to change the school holidays. Looking to change school holidays to try and improve educational outcomes doesn't seem to stack up. We know that much better performing European nations, like the Republic of Ireland and Estonia, who have outstanding education results, have significantly longer summer holidays than we do in Wales, with Estonia having around three months of summer holidays. That continued attempt to diverge from holidays in England—and I know you've mentioned how you felt it was embarrassing to look at English results, even though they are far more successful in terms of results and a more equitable education system than here in Wales. So, I wonder, Minister, could you convince me that your choice to look to consider changing the school holidays is not just you trying to tinker with things, and how are you actually going to tackle the real issues that our schools are facing?

Jeremy Miles AC: Well, actually, learning loss, which, as you know, refers to learners falling behind academically during school breaks, is actually more prevalent during the summer break compared to any other break, and there's a huge amount of evidence to do that. This is an education policy, and the focus that we have here is making sure that every young learner has the best possible education. There is clear evidence that the long summer break can be very challenging for many of our learners, including and in particular, perhaps, many from the least advantaged backgrounds. He tempts me once again to draw the comparison with England. Of the, I think, five or six authorities that have most recently moved to the model that the consultation document proposes, I think, from memory, that all but one of them are Conservative authorities. I assume they'd be persuaded, as we have, that there is merit in looking at this, because it supports their young people to get the best start in life.

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: Thank you, Minister.

3. Topical Questions

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: The next item will be topical questions. The first this afternoon will be answered by the Minister for Economy, and asked by Rhun ap Iorwerth.

The Gwynedd Shipping Company

Rhun ap Iorwerth AC: 1. Will the Minister make a statement on any discussions the Welsh Government has had in relation to the future of the Gwynedd Shipping company? TQ949

Vaughan Gething AC: Thank you for the question.

Vaughan Gething AC: My officials have been in dialogue with the business since reports emerged. They have also made contact with the administrators and union representatives representing some of the workforce, and are working closely with counterparts from the local authority, the Department for Work and Pensions and other agencies to support any affected workers.

Rhun ap Iorwerth AC: Thank you for that response. This is a company that's been operational for 40 years. I think it was 40 years ago this year that Gwynedd Shipping was established, and it's been something that we have taken pride in, in seeing Gwynedd Shipping lorries on the traffic network across the UK and beyond. And this news came, in the past few days, that the company was in difficulty, and that was a huge blow, and the blow was felt most by those who are directly affected, those working for the company.
It has been extremely difficult, I have to say, to try and find information about what was happening exactly. It's been easier to get information through sources on social media—and I'm grateful to those people who have been open on social media and have been in touch with me as a result of that. I certainly haven't managed to get hold of the company directly. And it is extremely important, at a time like this, that a company is as open as possible in terms of their situation and in terms of the challenges that they face, and that for the sake of the community more broadly, but also for the workforce particularly.

Rhun ap Iorwerth AC: We've suffered jobs blow after jobs blow, of course, in my constituency—the loss of hundreds of jobs, of course, at the 2 Sisters plant in Llangefnithe most recent and most well documented of those. But this, again, is a significant number of jobs. Again, it's difficult to pinpoint exactly how many, but we need to make sure that support goes now to those who find themselves without work. There are drivers in particular whose skills are very sought after; there are others working in the yard itself in Holyhead, others working on the administrative side, that will need that support too. So, can I ask the Minister what support is being put together, what package is being put together, to make sure that support is as strong as it can be for all those affected? We also need to learn what has happened here. What information does the Minister have about what led to this? Was the Government aware of pressures on the company? We need to hear now that all the different agencies are working together—I'm in contact with the council, of course—so that this other latest jobs blow on Ynys Môn is addressed and that work is found as quickly as possible for all those involved.

Vaughan Gething AC: Thank you for the series of questions. I'll try and go through, as helpfully as I can, based on the information, which is limited from the Government's point of view as well. Because I saw the reports myself and I immediately asked officials what the position was. Unfortunately, the company hadn't been proactive in contacting the Government in advance, and we've yet to get significant amounts of information from the company and, indeed, the administrators. We understand that two of the businesses within the group have appointed administrators, affecting, as we understand it, the reported figure of 127 potential employees. And you're right, they're in a variety of jobs. Drivers are likely to be able to find alternative work; there's still a shortage in that sector of the economy. The challenge, though, will be, as you put it, the understanding of those people who may need more support to find alternative work. All of them will be living with real uncertainty, following the announcement that has been made, and the fact that I can't give clarity, I think, adds to the uncertainty. I'd like to be able to be much clearer about the contact between the Government, the DWP, the council and the company. We know that there are some trade union members there; it's not clear to us if there is recognition at the site. So, we are trying to work through all of those issues with both the company and, indeed, with the administrator.
In terms of the range of assistance that is available, our ReAct+ programme is the flexible programme that we offer. And in other job challenges in the past, where there have been significant unemployment events—you mentioned 2 Sisters; in south Wales, there have been others as well—what we have been able to do is to work constructively with the DWP and whichever local authority it is. That relationship is a good and practical and pragmatic one. For all of the differences we have on a political level with the UK Government, the DWP locally, I think, have always been responsive and willing partners in trying to help find people work, with the levers that they do have. What I will do is, as we get more information on how that's being pieced together, we'll be proactive about sharing that information with the public and, indeed, with the Member, about how and where that support is to be provided, if there is a need, to provide a jobs fair, and how we do that in a way that works best for the affected employees, to help them to secure alternative employment.
The more positive aspect, though, is that, whilst this is of course disappointing and will be distressing for people who face losing their employment, actually, activity within the port is somewhere we should see an increase in employment in the future. That's what we want to try to do, but that has to be balanced against, as I say, the very real concern that I'm sure a number of families are going to bed with each night until there is that clarity about the future.

Mark Isherwood AC: Of course, Gwynedd Shipping operate from two sites in north Wales, Holyhead and Deeside, as well as from Birkenhead, Belfast and Dublin. What is your understanding of why the company filed for administration when the company's strategic review of its latest annual results for the year to May 2022, posted last February, said, quote, its directors had a reasonable expectation that the company has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future, or will you be seeking and sharing this information? What is your understanding of unconfirmed reports that parts of the company are being taken over by another logistics firm, and that other local and regional hauliers were already offering some of the drivers work, or will you be seeking and sharing that information? And finally, given your comments about the DWP, what specific engagement have you and your officials had, or will you be having, with Jobcentre Plus and the DWP regarding help for those who are looking for alternative work or for retraining opportunities?

Vaughan Gething AC: In respect of the point about DWP, I think I've answered that already. We do work constructively alongside DWP. Locally, every time there has been a significant unemployment event, we have worked very constructively—and my officials are doing that now—together with DWP and the local authority.
On the other points about unconfirmed reports, that's the point—they're unconfirmed reports—and you wouldn't expect me to add to speculation here. What I will do is, as we get information that has not been made available to us thus far, I'll share it with Members, and, crucially, to want to provide some confidence for people that are concerned about their own futures, and will be worried about their own employment futures, to make sure that the opportunities to look for alternative work are made as easily and readily available to them as possible, and to make sure that, whether they approach the local authority, or the Welsh Government or the DWP, that we are working together to make sure that there is a 'no wrong door' approach and we get them to the point where they need to be able to go, to make sure they have the right support for them.

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: Thank you, Minister. The next question is to be answered by the Deputy Minister for Arts, Sport and Tourism. Llyr Gruffydd to ask the question.

S4C

Llyr Gruffydd AC: 2. Will the Minister make a statement responding to the unanimous recommendation of the Culture, Communications, Welsh Language, Sport, and International Relations Committee that the Welsh Government should have a formal role in the process of appointing a new Chair for S4C? TQ950

Dawn Bowden AC: Thank you. The Welsh Government plays a part in the S4C board appointment process, with a senior Welsh Government official acting as a member of the appointment panel that then makes recommendations to the Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport, who appoints. I agree, however, that the Welsh Government should have a more formal, stronger role in this process.

Llyr Gruffydd AC: Thank you for that response. Of course, Plaid Cymru and the Welsh Government are agreed on the fact that powers over broadcasting and communications should be devolved, including responsibility for S4C. They should be devolved to this Senedd. That, of course, would ensure that the Welsh Government had a direct formal role in the appointment of a new chair for S4C. But I would like, Minister, a little more clarity on some comments made by the Secretary of State for Wales last week on Y Byd yn ei Le on S4C. The Secretary of State said that he had a meeting with you last week to discuss the situation at S4C, and that you had failed to tell him what you or the Welsh Government would have done differently about the situation in S4C. I would be interested to hear if that is the case.
But can I also ask whether you took the opportunity to use this as an example to make the case for the devolution of broadcasting and responsibility for S4C more specifically to Wales? And in that meeting, did you ask specifically to ensure that the Welsh Government, and you as Deputy Minister, would have a more meaningful and more formal in the process of appointing a new chair?

Dawn Bowden AC: Thank you for those supplementary questions, Llyr. There is a role, as I said, for us in the appointment of the chair, limited though it is, and in fact there was a recommendation arising from the Institute of Welsh Affairs on the current state of regulation and accountability for broadcasters in Wales, and one of the things that they recommended, actually, was that the UK Government should transfer some functions relating to the broadcasting from DCMS, through the BBC charter, either to Welsh Government or to an independent commissioner. Now, the UK Government haven’t taken that on board. Now, you’re quite right—we are, in working in partnership with Plaid Cymru through the co-operation agreement, looking at the devolution of broadcasting. We set up the expert panel last year, and we have had the report of the expert panel. At the moment, because of the consensus that we have, not just between the Welsh Government and Plaid Cymru, but a kind of broader consensus, I think, across Wales that the current broadcasting and communications framework doesn’t meet Wales’s needs, that’s really why we’re in the process of these discussions. And the recommendations of that expert panel are now being considered and discussed, but particularly in the context of the financial position that Welsh Government currently finds itself in, which we dealt with at some length in committee this morning. So, that will be presented to Cabinet shortly, but I can guarantee and commit to you that we absolutely remain committed to a thriving, strong Welsh broadcasting environment that meets the needs of a modern Wales.
Now, in the meeting I had with the Secretary of State for DCMS and the Secretary of State for Wales last week—. It was, I think I should say, a very short meeting. It followed from the fact that I wrote to the Secretary of State for DCMS back in November, when the Capital Law report was first published, asking her, as the responsible Minister for S4C—because, whatever our ambitions for the devolution of broadcasting might be, it currently rests with the UK Government, and it is their responsibility—. So, I wrote to the Secretary of State for DCMS back in November and asked her what her intentions were and what the next steps were in relation to S4C in terms of the report and so on. And it wasn’t until 10 January that I actually got that meeting with her, and I asked her in that meeting for an update on the position regarding the challenging circumstances with S4C, and any timeline that she had for making decisions on the next steps.
Now, during the course of that meeting, the Secretary of State for Wales actually asked me if I thought that the chairman should be sacked. Now, frankly, I didn’t feel that it was appropriate for me to make that sort of judgment, with the limited information that I had available to me, and also on the basis of it not being a matter that is devolved to Wales. That is entirely the responsibility of the Secretary of State for DCMS. So, it did feel to me as though it was a kind of deflection from their responsibility to try to get somebody else to make a decision that they should be making.
As things have turned out, and over the course of events in the last 24 hours, of course, Rhodri Williams has indicated that he will not be putting himself forward for a second term for chairman of S4C. But I repeat what I said initially in my initial response to your question, Llyr: I do think that we should have a stronger role in terms of the appointments processes for S4C, in the same way that we do for the BBC—BBC Wales, that is—through the memorandum of understanding that we have with them. I think, if anything, what this does is it brings into sharp focus the fact that we need to have those further discussions with both the Secretary of State for DCMS and S4C about how we can take this forward in future.

Tom Giffard AS: Deputy Minister, having read the Capital Law report, it was clear to me that this was very disappointing; it was incredible to think that this was going on within S4C in Wales. We know that responsibility for broadcasting is reserved to Westminster, and we as a party believe that that's where it sits best, but I know that there is a debate on that currently ongoing. But Llyr Gruffydd did mention the programme Y Byd yn ei Le, and I was on that programme too last Thursday, and I said on the programme, and I'm happy to repeat this, that the only way that this can work—for that responsibility to lie in Westminster—is for DCMS to take an interest in what's happening to S4C. And it was clear to me, when I heard evidence from Rhodri Williams in the committee last week, that he had been asking for a meeting with the Minister in DCMS for four years and hadn't got to meet the Minister. It was incredible to hear that, and it did make me angry to be honest.
Now we know that the committee has requested a formal role for the Welsh Government in the appointment of the new chair, and I think that's important, but you've already mentioned the informal role, if you like, that the Welsh Government currently has in the appointment. So, can you tell us more about the nature of that role and what conversations you're having with DCMS and the Wales Office?

Dawn Bowden AC: Well, can I thank Tom Giffard for that question? And, yes, as I said in my original answer to Llyr Gruffydd, Welsh Government has very limited oversight of public appointments in broadcasting, and the role that we have with S4C is slightly different to the role that we have with BBC Wales.
So, it is not an informal role. We are a formal part of the appointments process, but we make recommendations to the Secretary of State for DCMSand it is the Secretary of State for DCMS that appoints. And that is the same for my role in terms of appointing chairs to public bodies in Wales that sit within my area of responsibility. So, officials will undertake the interview and the appointments process and then they submit recommendations to me, and it is my decision as to whether I accept those recommendations, and I appoint. And that is what happens with the appointment of the chair of S4C, and it is the decision of the Secretary of State for DMCS.
But I think this does shine a light on that process and I think the report that came out from the IWA, which I referenced just now, and the importance that we place on the role of S4C in Welsh society, puts it in a slightly different position. I think S4C and the Welsh Government, we are uniquely placed to have that greater role in S4C with or without the devolution of broadcasting as a formal policy position of the UK Government. There is a role—a greater role, I believe—that the Welsh Government could have within the appointments processes for S4C, because of that unique relationship that that channel has with Wales.

Luke Fletcher AS: I listened with great interest to the answers you gave to my colleague Llyr Gruffydd, and to Tom Giffard as well. Of course, you've talked about the need or the want for a stronger role in appointing a chair. What exactly does that mean? I have to say that a lot of the answers that were given to my colleague Llyr Gruffydd were quite vague, and I didn't hear any specific reference as to whether or not you, as a Deputy Minister, support the devolution of broadcasting. So, I'll ask a straightforward question: do you as the Deputy Minister support the devolution of broadcasting—yes or no?

Dawn Bowden AC: We have an agreement with Plaid Cymru: the co-operation agreement sets out quite clearly that there is a joint aspiration on the devolution of broadcasting. I can't be any clearer than what the co-operation agreement says.
The difference in the roles—and I think this is important—that we have with S4C and with the BBC is that we make joint decisions on the appointments to the board of BBC Wales. And I think there is a strong case, if not a stronger case, that we should have joint decision making with DCMS until or unless broadcasting is fully devolved; that we have the same arrangement with S4C as we currently have with BBC Wales; that we make joint decisions on the appointments of the board and of the chair of S4C, as we do with the BBC.

Alun Davies AC: I have to say that I do not support the devolution of broadcasting, and the Labour Party policy isn't to support the devolution of broadcasting, so I will not be supporting that until the policy changes. But within that context, I am very positive to hear what the Minister has been saying this afternoon, because we do need to have more accountability for broadcasting in this place. And I think the whole sorry saga with S4C has demonstrated the lack of interest that the DCMS actually has in S4C and in regulating broadcasting in Wales, and that does ask some very serious questions of the relationship, going forward.
So, I would be grateful if the Minister could look towards joint appointments with the DCMS, for not just the chair of S4C, but the board of S4C and other appointments, such as the board member of Ofcom, board member of the BBC, so that we're able to work on this collectively, across the United Kingdom, and to ensure that the interests of the people of Wales are actually represented, even if the DCMS is asleep at the wheel.

Dawn Bowden AC: Can I thank Alun Davies for that question? He's absolutely right, and, of course, Welsh Ministers do actually take the decision on appointments for the Welsh representative from Wales on Ofcom. And as I said, we do have joint decision making with the Secretary of State for DCMS on the appointments to BBC Wales. So, I think the situation that we have faced recently with S4C puts us in a much stronger position to say that that role with DCMS, in those appointments processes, with or without the full devolution of broadcasting—. I mean, that's not a prerequisite to that arrangement because we already have it with the BBC and with Ofcom, and I think that is a conversation that needs to be had as a matter of urgency with DCMS and with S4C.

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: Thank you, Deputy Minister.

4. 90-second Statements

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: There were no 90-second statements received this week.

5. Debate on a Member's Legislative Proposal: A Bill on climate assurance for children and young people

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: So, the next item will be the debate on a Member's legislative proposal, on a Bill on climate assurance for children and young people. And this is to be put forward by Delyth Jewell.

Motion NDM8370 Delyth Jewell
To propose that the Senedd:
1. Notes a proposal for a Bill on climate assurance for children and young people.
2. Notes that the purpose of this Bill would be to:
a) amend the Curriculum and Assessment (Wales) Act 2021 to ensure the school curriculum includes an understanding of the severity and urgency of the climate crisis and ecological emergency as a key concept across all areas of learning and experience;
b) ensure the curriculum reflects the urgency and necessity of tackling the climate crisis and protecting the ecological environment;
c) ensure that such teaching is not confined to traditional subjects that cover this area, but is embedded across all areas of learning and experience;
d) recognise the importance of subliminal learning and promote a sustainable environment in which learning can take place; and
e) begin to address climate anxiety amongst children and young people.

Motion moved.

Delyth Jewell AC: Diolch, Llywydd. It is my pleasure to present my plans for a climate assurance Bill. The climate and nature crises are amongst the most deadly challenges facing our world and our existence. Daily headlines make clear the severity of that crisis, graphs that are going the wrong way, temperature records being broken, and devastating wildfires and floods that threaten communities and lives. It's only reasonable that people would worry about this crisis. But record numbers of young people are so overwhelmed by anger and grief about the state of our planet that it's having a negative effect on their mental state. It's one of the hidden calamities of the climate crisis: this surge in anxiety and fear about this ever-present catastrophe that never gets resolved, but only deepens and gets more urgent.
Our brains find it difficult to deal with ongoing crises like this. A crisis is usually an intense moment in time, where things come to a head and get resolved. But the climate crisis is different, it is always there. And because of Government and global inaction, because of the selfishness and greed of big business, the urgent questions get deferred, the need for definitive action gets kicked down the road, and so, this seething intensity continues unabated, unaddressed, and people's brains go into boiling point. This eco-anxiety is so prevalent that Save the Children has found that 70 per cent of young people are worried about the world they will inherit. In a survey of 10,000 young people, across 10 countries, The Lancet found that 60 per cent were 'very' or 'extremely' worried about climate change. We risk passing on a planet that's been burnt, and a generation of people who've been burnt out with it.

The Deputy Presiding Officer (David Rees) took the Chair.

Delyth Jewell AC: That is why addressing young people's concerns about the climate crisis has to be more mainstream in our curriculum. That is why we must address this anxiety with assurance, assurance that nobody is alone in struggling to cope with the intensity of this crisis, nor are they powerless in the face of that calamity.
I've been privileged, Dirprwy Lywydd, to work closely with the Royal College of Psychiatrists on this issue, and the college supports fully the plans I'm putting forward, and I've been able through them to speak to clinicians and professors who recognise the urgent need to change how we speak to young people about climate change. We shouldn't gaslight them into thinking it's not as bad as they fear, because it is. But recognising, legitimising that anger, and, yes, that grief about how they feel about what's being taken away from them before their eyes, that's so important, so that they can feel less alone. But at the same time, unequivocally, we must empower them to learn more about what's happening to tackle the crisis, not just in other parts of the world, but in their community, to find out more about groups like the youth climate ambassadors here in Wales, who give voice to young people's concerns, and to give children and young people the tools to get involved in or to form groups themselves.
So, this is what I'm proposing. Firstly, I'd want us to ensure that the curriculum includes an understanding of the urgency of the climate and nature crises across all areas of learning. I'd like to ensure that teaching isn't confined only to traditional subjects that cover this area, like geography and science, and that humanities subjects—psychology, creative writing—embed in their lessons an awareness of climate anxiety and a preparedness to tackle it. And I'd want to begin to address that anxiety amongst children and young people, including through greater guidance and support being given to teachers and schools about how to talk about these issues in a sensitive, productive way.
I support the Royal College of Psychiatrists' call for well-being provision being made to address climate grief. And there are already so many organisations that will, I know, be able to help as partners in this. Keep Wales Tidy's eco-schools programme is instilled with a sense of empowering young people, to arm them with tools to improve the environment. I know over 1,100 schools in Wales engaged with Keep Wales Tidy last year, and their training courses for teachers include carbon literacy, and linking eco work to the curriculum. Other organisations like Teach the Future and Oxfam can also lend expertise to develop these plans.

Delyth Jewell AC: And we could also learn from wildlife trusts in Wales, including the Gwent Wildlife Trust, which has also inspired me. There are so many groups and projects for young people to participate in, and this can give young people enormous strength.
And strength is what is needed: strength, assurance, confirmation. Children need assurance about how we as a society, and as humanity, would guarantee their future. In order to protect the health of our young people, and the health of our planet, this assurance needs to be offered. There is a golden opportunity here to use the new curriculum to empower our young people, and to offer them hope in the face of the huge challenges that are associated with the climate crisis. And I look forward to hearing the views of other Members. Thank you.

Carolyn Thomas AS: I think this is why we shouldn't be just teaching towards PISA results, isn't it? We want more rounded children, with a more rounded outlook.
I was once told that if children do not connect with the outdoors before the age of 12, they will not as an adult. And in recent years, many children have increasingly spent time indoors, entertained by a plethora of electronic devices and around-the-clock media. Parents worry about letting their children have independence to go off on their own to the park. It was very different when I grew up. We went out, often for the day, with no forms of communication, exploring the outside, playing in streams, the woods, making dens from hay bales in the field. That was it. Connecting with nature, combined with exercise, eases mental health and gives a sense of well-being. Growing up with it as a child—as my children did—makes you feel like it's your garden to be explored. It gives you confidence just to be out there to roam without fear, but with love, respect, fondness and a sense of well-being with nature. As an adult, then, it feels as natural to be outside as inside, and you then teach that to your own children. It's a cycle.
In the recent state of nature report, we have seen a 20 per cent decline in species abundance in Wales. Forty-two per cent of flowering plants have decreased across Wales, and 18 per cent of species are on the red list, threatened with extinction in Wales. Underpinning nature education is the idea that if the destruction is to be stopped, human beings must learn to care about it. Positive action does work. We have seen that with the decline in chlorofluorocarbons being released, and acid rain has fallen by 80 per cent compared to 1990 levels.
Children are far more aware now, and with COP28 being run by oil barons, and our Westminster Government providing 100 new oil licences, it is terrifying. But it should be more terrifying for adults to know what our children will have to face because of our generation. Children speak to me, saying it's presumed that it will be okay because young people understand and they will make the world better, but they say to me, 'It'll be too late then, it's up to you to do something about it now.' And we must.
At a recent climate action event, led by young people, I listened to their speeches and presentations. One young adult and member of the North Wales Wildlife Trust youth forum read out a letter from a friend. The person was unable to be present, but said how anxiety regarding the climate emergency was so overwhelming it made them extremely depressed. It's made it really anxious for them and they couldn't find a way out. It was really saddening to hear this. The person eventually overcame this anxiety by being part of the group of like-minded people, working together to help the environment. The group is for people aged between 11 and 24 who are passionate about learning about the environment and helping bring communities together to protect it. They run monthly sessions learning about nature, its threats and conservation, both marine and terrestrial, developing conservation skills that will be valuable in the green sector should they want to continue that, coming together to meet like-minded people, which is a wonderful positive action, working together. Diolch.

Y Dirprwy Lywydd / The Deputy Presiding Officer: I call on the Minister for Education and the Welsh Language, Jeremy Miles.

Jeremy Miles AC: Thank you for your proposal on a climate assurance Bill in education. Climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing us as a global community. In order to ensure a greener, fairer, more prosperous Wales, everyone in Wales, including our children and young people, have a part to play in pushing for the change towards a low-carbon future. As we build our Curriculum for Wales and our investment programme, our intention is to create an ambitious and innovative education system, and it has to tackle issues that define our generation: decarbonsiation and living sustainably. The voices of our children and young people are crucial to that process. Mainly, that means listening to them. We all know, from our conversations with children and young people, just how passionate and concerned they are about climate change and about securing a better future for themselves and future generations.
One of the four aims set out in the curriculum and assessment Act and at the heart of the curriculum, in addition to the decisions that schools make, is that children become principled and informed citizens. Part of this aspiration is specifically defined in statutory guidance as something that supports learners in demonstrating their commitment to the sustainability of the planet. That's why learning about climate change and the environment is mandatory in the Curriculum for Wales. The 'what matters' statements in the humanities and science and technology make specific reference on a number of occasions to elements on the climate and nature emergency, responding to climate change, and the environment.
This means that it's already a legal requirement to address climate change and to respond to the climate emergency in school curriculums. It's not just at one point of the journey through education, but along the whole journey. And across all subject areas, schools are empowered and encouraged to educate about climate change and the environment through educational contexts of all kinds, in order to inspire and garner the interest of learners. The 'what matters' code, which includes these requirements, was planned to ensure mandatory requirements such as these. Setting additional expectations on the face of the curriculum and assessment Act would not add to what is required for learners to learn already. But it could create confusion by setting different requirements in different places at a time when I am committed to simplifying the expectations placed on schools.
In order to support schools in delivering the required legal requirements, we have commissioned resources to support teachers to plan a curriculum that includes effective learning about climate change and the importance of action. This includes resources for schools that relate specifically to climate anxiety. The proposals talk about anxiety in terms of climate change. I know that the impact of climate change is a concern for children and young people, and, for some, this will lead to anxiety. And that's why addressing mental health and responding to a range of experiences, including those that actually exacerbate anxiety, are, again, a requirement for all schools.
I want children and young people to be supported and helped. Nobody learns properly if they are anxious or have mental health problems, and the curriculum is planned to empower learners to manage this and to ask for support where necessary. I have shared details with you in the past about our other environmental education programmes that are funded, such as Eco-Schools and the Size of Wales, which work with schools and young people in order to raise awareness about climate change and the importance of safeguarding the natural world. These programmes encourage children and young people to participate in activities that can have a positive impact on their local environment, such as caring for the school garden or using active travel methods to get to school. Providing opportunities for learners to change something in their local communities can empower them and contribute to their health and well-being.
'Climate Action Wales: Public Engagement Strategy' talks about including young people, particularly young people, in forming policy on tackling climate change. The voices of children and young people are crucially important and initiatives such as the conference of the parties for young people do encourage me and bring young people from all parts of Wales together to discuss climate change directly with stakeholders and politicians.
To be entirely clear, I agree entirely with the principles underpinning this proposal. That's why we are quite clear in legislation that schools do have to educate learners about climate change, the climate emergency and how to respond to it. Placing further requirements on schools wouldn't add to this. I have also outlined a range of support elements that are in place to ensure that schools deliver these legal requirements and to empower our children and young people in order to create a greener future for Wales.

Y Dirprwy Lywydd / The Deputy Presiding Officer: I call on Delyth Jewell to reply to the debate.

Delyth Jewell AC: Thank you very much, Dirprwy Lywydd. I thank Carolyn first of all.

Delyth Jewell AC: Thank you, Carolyn. You reminded us of the importance of outdoor learning and connecting with nature. You reminded us as well about the dire statistics that relate to species decline, I think focusing all our minds on why it's so important that we have this hope of change. As you said, if the devastation is to be stopped, human beings must learn to care about it. That's exactly it. Thank you so much for sharing that with us and sharing your thoughts.

Delyth Jewell AC: I also thank the Minister for his response. Yes, the climate change challenge and how we respond to that is what will define our generation. I agree entirely with you. And thank you also for setting out how the curriculum does focus on supporting our young people. It is a good thing that learning about climate change is mandatory and the resources that are available already about climate anxiety are to be welcomed, certainly. I'd like to still see the Government centralising this more, perhaps. The work that's there is very positive.
I know we may disagree about the fact that—. You said at the end that you don't want to impose more requirements on schools. I do see that viewpoint, certainly. The reason why I would like to see this being—I'm not sure how to say the verb 'to package' in Welsh—put together in a central package is in order to show and inspire young people who are so concerned about climate change and will suffer from anxiety to see that it's something that shows them that the Government does recognise and wants to show that action to them.
Climate anxiety is a sensible and reasonable response, but if we see it as something that is inevitable we will be drowned by a lack of action and a lack of belief in our ability to change things. So there is a delicate balance that needs to be found between recognising and justifying the concern that young people feel about climate change and the need to give them hope that change is possible, and an assurance that they are not alone in this battle.
I'd just like to thank again, Dirprwy Lywydd, the Minister and Carolyn for taking part in this debate. I'd like to say at the end to any young people who are listening to this debate now or in the future that your voices are important and we in the Senedd do hear them and we want to ensure—. We understand why they are concerned, but there's always hope and we can change things for a better future. Thank you.

Y Dirprwy Lywydd / The Deputy Presiding Officer: The proposal is to note the proposal. Does any Member object? [Objection.] There are objections. We will therefore defer voting on this item until voting time.

Voting deferred until voting time.

6. Welsh Conservatives Debate: Healthcare inspection and funding

The following amendments have been selected: amendment 1 in the name of Lesley Griffiths, and amendments 2 and 3 in the name of Mabon ap Gwynfor. If amendment 1 is agreed, amendments 2 and 3 will be deselected.

Y Dirprwy Lywydd / The Deputy Presiding Officer: Item 6 this afternoon is the Welsh Conservatives debate: healthcare inspection and funding. I call on Gareth Davies to move the motion.

Motion NDM8452 Darren Millar
To propose that the Senedd:
1. Notes the Healthcare Inspectorate Wales Annual Report 2022-2023.
2. Regrets that the report:
a) highlighted risks relating to emergency care, staffing concerns, poor patient flow and the accessibility of appointments;
b) states that there are often delays in patient discharges due to shortages in social care staff and social workers to assess discharge needs; and
c) did not find evidence of Welsh Government initiatives making a clear and significant difference to services at the front line.
3. Calls on the Welsh Government to:
a) scrap cuts made to Healthcare Inspectorate Wales in the 2024-2025 draft budget, and expand their remit to investigate complaints;
b) establish a timetable with Healthcare Inspectorate Wales for the inspection of the nearly 60 per cent of healthcare services that have not been inspected in the last 5 years;
c) ensure the full Barnett consequential 20 per cent uplift for health is spent on the Welsh NHS; and
d) bring forward a substantial workforce plan with a tuition fee refund for healthcare workers that stay in Wales for five years after their studies.

Motion moved.

Gareth Davies AS: Diolch yn fawr iawn, Deputy Llywydd. I'm pleased to be opening this debate and I move the Welsh Conservatives' motion, tabled in the name of Darren Millar. But I'm sure we would all rather be discussing the state of our NHS in Wales with more positive news. The healthcare inspectorate report has illuminated some pretty dismal findings, and a lot of reflection by the Welsh Government is needed as a result of this, because this report couldn't be clearer that the current strategies are not working.
I would also like to express on behalf of the Welsh Conservatives our opposition to plans to cut Healthcare Inspectorate Wales made in the 2024-2025 draft budget. This report highlights, if anything, the need to expand the remit of Healthcare Inspectorate Wales, introduce a complaints investigation procedure and establish a timetable for the inspection of nearly 60 per cent of Welsh healthcare services that have not been inspected in the last five years, which is, frankly, shocking. I must also make clear that making cuts to Healthcare Inspectorate Wales is dreadful optics for the Welsh Government as it currently looks like a Government that has lost control of any ability to run a functioning health service, so has instead turned to reducing transparency and restricting the ability of the public to assess the performance of the health service.
We know the statistic that has been repeated in this Chamber time after time, but I will remind anyone who may have forgotten: over 25,000 people in Wales waiting two years or more for treatment, compared to 227 individuals waiting the same amount of time in England. The Labour Government receives £1.20 for every £1 spent on the NHS—how many times have you heard that—in England, yet the Welsh Government spends only £1.05 for every £1 spent in England. The new budget sees this set to decrease yet further.
Every single Welsh NHS health board is currently in some form of enhanced monitoring or special measures; my own health board, Betsi Cadwaladr, is just one example. When these figures are put to the Welsh Government, we hear the same wooden and perfunctory responses: the lack of funding from the UK Government and that initiatives are in place to address these problems. Again, how many times have we heard that?
Perhaps the most damning finding in this report, and the most depressing, is that Healthcare Inspectorate Wales did not find any evidence of Welsh Government initiatives
'making a clear and significant difference to services at the front line'.
Clearly, enhanced scrutiny inspections and a better complaints procedure are imperative, particularly in the aftermath of the regrettable Channon family case, and my colleague Russell George has continually scrutinised the Welsh Government and Swansea Bay University Health Board's failures.
Some may recall the scathing remarks expressed in the foreword to the 2022-23 report by Alun Cairns—not the Member of Parliament. This latest report sadly shows precious little improvement, with many areas that have continued to deteriorate. The shocking lack of inspections of Welsh health facilities needs addressing urgently and that's why we are calling for an urgent timetable to be drawn up to ensure these facilities meet the standard expected. We also want to see the full Barnett consequential 20 per cent uplift for health actually being spent on its intended recipient, the Welsh NHS. The Welsh Government should reverse its plans for real-terms cuts to the Welsh NHS and, perhaps, reroute the cash that they've planned to throw away on 36 more politicians and other vanity schemes, like the 20 mph roll-out, when our NHS is in dire straits. If the Government were really serious about saving lives, the money spent on vanity schemes would be spent on our NHS.
We need to hear something new from the Welsh Government. Their 75 per cent target for those with a suspected cancer to be seen and start treatment within 62 days has never been met; one in five people in Wales is on an NHS waiting list; and failures in social care are leading to bottlenecks in hospital wards as patients fit to be discharged are being kept in valuable bed space, an issue that the Welsh Government has been aware of for a considerable amount of time. We now know for certainthat progress isn't being made and our situation gets more dire each year, and the Welsh people deserve better. And it brings me great sadness that a lot of my remarks are depressing today, but that's the current state of affairs, unfortunately, Minister.
But to close, Deputy Llywydd, the Welsh Government's strategies need radical rethinking and the proposals that the Welsh Conservatives have put forward will move our NHS in that direction, and I look forward to hearing the contributions of other Members during this debate this afternoon. Thank you very much.

Y Dirprwy Lywydd / The Deputy Presiding Officer: I have selected the three amendments to the motion. If amendment 1 is agreed, amendments 2 and 3 will be deselected. I call on the Minister for Health and Social Services to move formally amendment 1, tabled in the name of Lesley Griffiths.

Amendment 1—Lesley Griffiths
Delete all after sub-point 2b) and replace with:
Appreciates the important work of HIW and notes the challenges identified.
Recognises the challenging financial position across the Welsh Government which continues to prioritise frontline care and staffing requirements in our NHS.
Notes the Welsh Government continues to work with healthcare providers using inspections to learn and improve.

Amendment 1 moved.

Eluned Morgan AC: Formally.

Y Dirprwy Lywydd / The Deputy Presiding Officer: I call on Mabon ap Gwynfor to move amendments 2 and 3, tabled in his name.

Amendment 2—Mabon ap Gwynfor
In point 3, delete sub-point c), and replace with:
formally request from the UK Government a comprehensive review of the Barnett Formula to ensure fair funding for all budget areas in Wales, including health and social care;

Amendment 3—Mabon ap Gwynfor
Add as new sub-point at the end of point 3:
increase the availability of degree apprenticeships in the healthcare sector to provide greater opportunities for young people to enter the profession and remain in Wales to work.

Amendments 2 and 3 moved.

Mabon ap Gwynfor AS: Thank you very much, Dirprwy Lywydd. I'm very pleased to move the amendments to this Conservative motion.
Well, on the face of it, it's difficult to disagree with the substance of this motion—of course we want to overturn cuts to the HIW budget, of course we want to see improved efficiency of HIW and to see further increases in the NHS budget. But there is an elephant in this Chamber, one that neither the Conservatives nor Labour want to address, namely the fact that it is impossible to get the dynamic, resilient and operational NHS that we all want to see without seeing a fundamental reform of the Barnett formula, which means that Wales is underfunded on an annual basis. Without that honest recognition, then I'm afraid that the substance of the Conservative motion today loses all credibility.
First of all, as the pot of money allocated to Wales annually is fixed, the Conservative motion would mean transferring funding away from social services, which would, in turn, exacerbate the situation further, with more funding being spent on front-line services, rather than on preventive services.

Mabon ap Gwynfor AS: Perhaps if the Conservatives were willing to commit to strengthening Wales's ability to make substantive adjustments to the block grant through the further devolution of taxation and borrowing powers, they would have far more credibility on this matter. But they're not. So they haven't.
Secondly and most importantly, while it's true that Wales does receive proportionally more per head in funding compared to England, this is based on the minimum floor recommended by the Holtham commission back in 2010, which, even at the time, the commission recognised was the absolute bare minimum solution to prevent Wales from falling further below the lowest of all the estimates of relative needs—and I quote. Since then, we've had 14 years of Tory-driven austerity and the COVID pandemic, the aftershocks of which will be keenly felt for years to come. We also have a population that has the oldest median age of all the UK nations, which is ageing at a faster rate than the UK average and which has a proportionally higher prevalence of long-term sickness rates. As numerous academics and experts have conclusively concluded, therefore, the current funding model from Westminster simply doesn't cater for Wales's societal needs. There's a good reason why the Tories haven't been upfront about the limitations of the Barnett formula, because it would involve confronting the reality that Westminster consistently gives Wales a raw deal. It would also entail them owning up to the responsibility of their party—

Mark Isherwood AC: Would you give way?

Mabon ap Gwynfor AS: —for the catastrophic legacy of austerity that has had a clearly detrimental impact on public health across the UK. Mark.

Mark Isherwood AC: Do you recognise that, at the time of the Scottish referendum on independence, which, of course, you took a different view to myself on, the leaders of the UK Conservative, Labour and Liberal Democrat parties pledged to retain the Barnett formula as an offer to the Scottish population because, obviously, they do relatively better out of it than we do, and that's what's holding back all the UK national parties at UK level?

Mabon ap Gwynfor AS: No, I don't accept that. I accept the fact that Scotland is doing better out of that than Wales, but we need to see a reform of the Barnett formula for the reasons I'm listing here now, because we're not funded properly in order to fund our NHS here in Wales.
In contrast to the Conservatives, the Welsh Government has, at least in words, echoed our call for a review of the Barnett formula on the basis of societal need. But, as has often been the case with this Government, when it comes to the systemic unfairness of Wales's treatment by Westminster, the tone of these words is not always matched by urgency of deed. It's all well and good to point to the intransigence of the Tory Government, but what about the deafening silence of the UK Labour leader on practically anything that's related to Wales, let alone the specific issue of fair funding? If Labour Members here were truly motivated to improve the poor lot we currently receive, they would be lobbying Keir Starmer relentlessly to make reviewing the Barnett formula a key priority for an incoming Labour Government. But instead, all we're hearing is the wishful thinking that Starmer will somehow turn out to be a passionate Keynesian when in office, which is, obviously, contrary to every facet of his leadership so far, from pledging not to turn on the spending taps to parroting Tory fantasy economic thinking that growth can somehow be conjured up without investing in our dilapidated public service. And today we heard Rachel Reeves signalling that she won't raise corporation tax either.

Mabon ap Gwynfor AS: And it tells you so much, doesn't it, that not one of the candidates for the leadership of the Wales branch of the Labour Party has committed to calling for a review of the funding formula and putting pressure on their leader Keir Starmer to commit to that. By introducing our amendment, therefore, Plaid Cymru, once again, is showing that it is only us who are serious about fairer funding for Wales. This includes not only keeping the skills of those individualsstudying here in Wales, but also expanding the opportunities available to our young people to work in the NHS, as we will hear in a later debate this afternoon that will be led by Plaid Cymru.
The people of Wales are crying out for an opportunity to develop and to play their part in developing the best possible health service that will meet the requirements of the twenty-first century and are calling on Westminster to give the necessary resources in order to deliver this. As elected Members, we have a duty to respond. By supporting our amendment today, you too can show that you are listening to them and insisting on financial justice for Wales in order to enable us to provide the best possible health service. Thank you for your patience.

Altaf Hussain AS: I would like to thank Healthcare Inspectorate Wales for not only their annual report, but all the hard work they undertake to ensure patient safety. Sadly, as our motion alludes to, cuts to HIW's budget will underminethis work and add to the growing deficit of inspection work. Nearly two in three healthcare services have not been inspected in the past five years, and without such vital inspections, who knows what patient safety issues are going unaddressed?
It is only through the diligent work of inspection teams related to the maternity service at Swansea Bay University Health Board that wider failings got addressed. Who knows what would have happened had HIW not investigated patient concerns? We do know that when the health board looked into the care provided to Gethin Channon and his parents, Sian and Robert Channon, they ignored many of the findings. Nearly a year and a half after the health board received a report that highlighted serious failings and with around 300 incidents being investigated, HIW has reported on the dire state of maternity services at Swansea bay. It still took Welsh Government two months to act upon HIW's findings. But at least action was finally taken.
With 17 per cent of Welsh hospitals and a staggering 73 per cent of Welsh general practitioner practices never being inspected, who knows what other patient safety scandals are going unnoticed? What is clear from HIW's latest annual report is that the Welsh Government initiatives to improve patient care are not having any impact at all. We can't rely on ministerial diktat to improve patient care, nor can we allow safety concerns to go unaddressed. We need a properly funded and fully staffed healthcare inspectorate to ensure that services are safe and meet the needs of patients, not those providing them.
One in five of the people in Wales is on a waiting list for NHS treatment, and many of us are waiting longer than two years for treatment. Despite spending more per head on NHS care than in other parts of the UK, our outcomes are much worse. We can't rely upon the Welsh Government nor senior leadership at health boards to ensure safe and timely treatment without being forced to, which is why HIW's work is so vital to our NHS. Yet, Welsh Ministers want to cut the service rather than expand it. We can't allow the short-term financial priorities of this current Welsh Government to undermine the inspection regime.
Sadly, when dealing with health issues, things will go wrong, but it is essential that we ensure that any failings are not systemic. That is why HIW provides the assurance that when service provision is not up to standard, action will be taken. And it is our duty as Members of this Senedd to ensure that HIW is equipped to do its job. I urge you to support our motion this afternoon and put pressure on Welsh Government Ministers to properly resource our healthcare and inspection regime.

Carolyn Thomas AS: There is a health crisis right across the UK, not just in Wales. All evidence shows this has worsened over the last 14 years since the start of austerity and cuts to public services. The Welsh Government's budget in 2024-25 will be £3 billion lower than it would have been had it grown in linewith the economy since 2010.
We can't look at the NHS in isolation: all public services across the UK are facing unprecedented pressures under the current cost-of-living crisis. We know that one in five councils in England are looking at bankruptcy, yet the Tories in Westminster seems set on making matters worse, with the autumn statement leaving Wales £1.3 billion worse off in real terms than expected at the time of the 2021 spending review. Devolution means that different choices and decisions are taken based on the need of people in Wales. The Welsh Labour Government will always invest in and protect health and social care and spends 8 per cent more on health and a massive 43 per cent more on social care than in England. And you can't separate them, really. And this October, the Welsh Government announced a package of changes to increase their funding to NHS Wales this year. Its budget will increase by an additional £425 million, despite pressures on all service areas. I believe it will be the wrong decision, as the Conservatives are suggesting, to move funding away from the health service itself and instead spend it on inspectorate services.
The austerity being imposed upon us means tough decisions like this are being made right across the Welsh Government, and priority must be given to front-line services. The Welsh Government has recommend—[Interruption.] Sorry, I will give way. Sorry.

Andrew R.T. Davies AC: I'm grateful for that, Carolyn. Don't you see the inspectorate is an integral part of the health operation and health service here in Wales, given that you represent an area that's had so many disasters in the provision of health services, especially mental health provision? The health inspectorate is a vital part of the fabric required to test the system and make sure it's safe and secure for both patients and staff. Don't you accept that?

Carolyn Thomas AS: I will respond to that—I think it's more important to invest in the services, as Welsh Government is doing, by investing in the '111 press 2' service, which I will go on to mention now. [Interruption.] If I can just carry on.
The Welsh Government has recognised that Healthcare Inspectorate Wales, like others across the public sector, will have to think carefully about how to focus limited resources over the next year, as every agency is having to do across the public sector. They will be one of many organisations taking a share of the pain caused by the hole in our budget. The report from Healthcare Inspectorate Wales recognises the challenges our health service faces, but as the First Minister highlighted yesterday, the report also shows the progress being made, with new initiatives making a real difference, such as the '111 press 2' service for mental health, the urgent primary care centres, and the same-day emergency care provision in our hospitals. There's much work being done.
The report also reminds us how important the Welsh Government's workforce plan will be in meeting staffing challenges going forward, as pressures on the service continue to rise. As well as cuts, service pressures are continuing to rise year upon year. Improving both recruitment and retention within the NHS workforce will be key going forward. This is why Wales didn't cut the NHS bursary in 2017, like England did. We have carried on providing the NHS bursary, and provide a social work bursary in Wales.
The Welsh Government has also increased the NHS training and education budget for nine years in a row, because Welsh Labour understands the importance of investing in the NHS workforce of the future. In 2023-24, the budget increased by a further 8 per cent. In north Wales, the commitment to recruit into the workforce is clear. We have a new medical school and dental academy in Bangor, new training places for social care workers, and pathways to continuing education and development—[Interruption.] No, I'm running out of time. And new allied health professionals training places at Wrexham university, including nurses, paramedics, ambulance training and physiotherapists, which is really welcome. Despite all the challenges the NHS faces and huge budgeting pressures that have been inflicted on Wales by Westminster, we should be recognising the progress being made and the incredible people who keep the health service running day in, day out. And we need to stop attacking the health service, because day in, day out—[Interruption.]—day in, day out, great service is being provided to our residents in Wales every day. Thank you.

Janet Finch-Saunders AC: Isn't it a good job that we have the Welsh Conservatives here to scrutinise and challenge the failing health service in Wales? So, we know that the Healthcare Inspectorate Wales website lists 1,572 healthcare services in Wales. Of those, 660 services have never even been inspected, and 342 services have not been inspected since 2018, five years ago. During the last financial year, HIW's team of investigators undertook 178 pieces of inspection and assurance work; 41 of those pieces of work were quality checks. Only 137 onsite inspections took place, meaning that HIW scarcely has the capacity to inspect 10 per cent of facilities annually.And it gets worse. Of the 95 NHS hospitals in Wales, 16 have never been inspected, and 18 have not been inspected in the last five years. At least 86 per cent of NHS GP practices have not been inspected in the last five years, and 73 per cent have never been inspected.
Why does this matter? Well, it matters to me, actually, because, for many years, we had a very good watchdog and patient support system with the community health councils, on which I was actually proud to serve a four-year term. They would make on-call visits and, really, people respected them as an organisation. But what happened? Perhaps they were doing too good a job, and they were dumbed down, actually, with a lack of funding and a review of their service.
It's important also because HIW inspect NHS services and regulate independent healthcare providers against a range of standards, policies, guidance and regulations, to highlight areas requiring improvement. In 2022-23, HIW carried out 19 acute hospital inspections across Wales. And shockingly, the organisation had to use its immediate assurance process in 58 per cent of those inspections—that is, 11 out of 19. As they state themselves, this is a highly concerning figure and demonstrates that, at present, acute—acute—in-patient healthcare carries the highest level of risk in services across Wales.
In May 2022, they designated the emergency department at Ysbyty Glan Clwyd—Betsi board—as being a service requiring significant improvement, SRSI, which is a service with the most significant levels of risk. And I remember that report, and I remember it stating that equipment was dirty in the units. So, I ask this Chamber to consider what would be the situation in these medical facilities today should HIW not have brought those to our attention in their reports. Bearing in mind that they do not have enough capacity to regularly inspect all medical and care facilities in Wales and the genuinely impactful nature of the organisation's work, the cut of £25,000 to their budget for 2024-25 is both illogical and is not based on, really, any good evidence.
Minister, I would be grateful if you could clarify whether HIW have made it clear to you themselves how much money they would need to ensure that all facilities at some stage can be investigated and checked against. If I was running a health service, I would want to know that these areas and various different delivery places were actually giving the best quality service, and, over the last two or three years, we've heard the opposite. So, I would be wanting more and more and more inspections and I certainly wouldn't be looking to cut their budget.
When there is such pressure, it is unsurprising that inspections continue to note low levels of compliance with mandatory training for staff. We know the serious staffing crisis across the Welsh NHS. The team we have there—. And if you're watching, anybody, thank you for all you do in our health service, and I know that you do it against a background of sheer exhaustion, pressure and, in some cases, some governance issues that really need to be sorted. For example, it is because of a lack of staff that the opening hours of Llandudno minor injury unit have not been extended. Wales has an NHS workforce strategy, yet we rely too much on agency staff. How do you think I feel when one of my constituents comes and tells me they are very loyal to the health board, they work very long long hours, however, people can skip over from the border and earn more money per hour than they do?
You could also help to entice more staff by taking measures such as offering a tuition fee refund for healthcare workers that stay in Wales for five years after their studies, offering degree apprenticeships to healthcare careers in the Welsh NHS, and offering jobs at specific hospitals rather than health-board-wide.

Y Dirprwy Lywydd / The Deputy Presiding Officer: Janet, can you conclude now, please?

Janet Finch-Saunders AC: Okay. So, while Wales has an NHS workforce strategy and an NHS workforce implementation plan, it lacks a comprehensive NHS workforce plan such as the one developed for England under the UK Conservative Government.
Anyway, I would like to record my thanks to HIW for being our platform for patient voices, and, Minister, please, if there's one thing I would ask you to do, it's to make sure that you have enough funding. Despite all these moans and groans about not enough money coming forward, please make sure you have enough funding to allow these inspections to go ahead. Diolch yn fawr.

Peter Fox AS: It's important that we have debates like this, isn't it, focusing on the healthcare system, and I'm sure this won't be the last one. Today's focus is entirely appropriate as the Healthcare Inspectorate Wales's annual report demonstrates that it does an incredibly important job, scrutinising and assessing the safety of healthcare services that we all rely on. We heard in questions to the First Minister yesterday how important their work is, but also how much more there is to do, with so many health settings that haven't been inspected over many years. With this in mind, and as we heard yesterday as well as today, it's incredibly disappointing that the Welsh Government have chosen to propose cuts to the health inspectorate in this year's budget. I genuinely believe this is a retrograde step and a false economy, especially at a time when our health service is struggling so much.
I would strongly encourage the Government to reconsider this proposed cut, ensuring that the Healthcare Inspectorate Wales can continue its work to ensure that the people of Wales get the healthcare service that they deserve. Scrutiny may be uncomfortable, but it's a necessity. Without it, how do you ensure continuous improvement?
Dirprwy Lywydd, we will all know too well the various pressures and shortcomings within all facets of health provision. Be it the lack of social care provision and unmet need, to GP practices facing such pressures that they are forcing practitioners out of the system, to colossal ambulance waiting times and huge waiting lists for treatment, the inspectorate is critical to drive the improvements needed.
The HIW annual report gives an honest assessment, which praises where praise is due, but exposes poor practice or systemic failure. It was pleasing to note—not that I doubted it—that the staff treat patients with dignity and respect. This was especially noted at the Grange hospital in my constituency in its last report, a reflection I completely agree with. I rarely hear of negative comments about our NHS staff. They do their very best at all times in the face of great pressure. We see, though, in the annual report, that patients continue to struggle to obtain appointments and often experience anxiety and stress as a result, and our inboxes clearly support this. The stress of not knowing if and when you can see a doctor has an emotional toll, and, as the report says,
'can further impact their ability to cope with health issues and make informed decisions about their care.'
The shortcomings of our health service are certainly not down to our staff, but direct results of a series of institutional failures. This is particularly true at the Grange University Hospital, where the HIW report found that responses from patients about their care were mixed, including negative comments about waiting times and personal protective equipment, but positive comments about staff. We also know that staff at the hospital had concerns, and the report found that they complained about the lack of space and assessment areas, which was impacting patient safety. Also, there was an inadequate level of staff and a lack of appropriate training. While these comments are never good to hear, I am glad that we have Health Inspectorate Wales there to expose these issues and concerns, as, without their findings, would we see the improvement we so desperately need? I doubt it.
It is clear that Labour's prioritising of the wrong things has left our health service vulnerable and lacking resilience. Increased moneys to health in this year's budget are welcome, but let's be clear: this will not suddenly undo the consequences of historical underfunding. Dirprwy Lywydd, the motion raises a series of incredibly important issues that we must agree to if we are to save our NHS and get it off its current trajectory. Thank you.

Y Dirprwy Lywydd / The Deputy Presiding Officer: I call on the Minister for Health and Social Services, Eluned Morgan.

Eluned Morgan AC: Llywydd, I want to start by welcoming Healthcare Inspectorate Wales's annual report, and thanking everyone in the organisation for the huge amount of inspection and assurance work they do every year. Of course, it will be disappointing to HIW that the budget will be reduced, but it was a political decision to focus funding on front-line services. I recognise absolutely the important role that HIW play in ensuring safety and quality for patients. I would suggest that Members read the report, because it states very clearly in the report, and I will read it out:
'We visited all Health Boards and Trusts where inpatient care is provided.'
So, they do get to all of the health boards and trusts. That is clearly stated, and you should read the report before throwing stones. Thank you.

Darren Millar AC: It doesn't say that they visited every facility. You've just said it engages with every health board. That doesn't mean that it's visiting every building, does it?

Eluned Morgan AC: It says:
'We visited all Health Boards and Trusts'—

Darren Millar AC: Visited all health boards and trusts—not buildings.

Eluned Morgan AC: —'where inpatient care is provided.'
I think that's—[Interruption.] I think that's clear enough, and I think people should accept what they have written in their report. Now, the report and its findings show the pressures and challenges that our NHS faces, and I would like to remind Members that the NHS undertakes 2 million contacts with the public in Wales every month, in a population of 3 million, and a vast majority of the public receive a very good service.
Now, these pressures and challenges are present in every part of the United Kingdom, all the year round. As we all know, the NHS has changed massively since it was set up 75 years ago. It's continually evolving to meet demand for its services and the changing nature of healthcare itself. Now, today, we live longer lives but we tend to have more complex healthcare needs. So, we have to accept, I think, that the era of the paternal health service is over. Today's NHS has to be a partnership between the service, the healthcare professional and the individual, each working together to improve outcomes.
We've also seen greater collaboration between health boards, local authorities and the independent sector to improve and enhance current service provision to ensure our NHS is fit for our future generations. That's why Healthcare Inspectorate Wales and the reports it produces are so important. They help us to understand where we should place our focus and where we need to work with HIW and the NHS to improve and to share best practice in the provision of healthcare.

Andrew R.T. Davies AC: Will the Minister take an intervention?

Eluned Morgan AC: No, if you don't mind, I'll make some progress. I'm happy for you to come in a bit later. You can save all your interventions up and bring them all in a bit later.
Now, such a focused approach based on evidence from HIW and other sources, I think, is more essential than ever, due to the current extremely challenging economic and financial outlook. As you'll know, as a result of inflationary pressures, the Welsh budget in 2024-25 will be worth £1.3 billion less, in real terms, than when it was set in 2021. And you'll be aware that we have directed, in the Welsh Government, money from all other parts of the Government to shore up the NHS. All parts of the NHS across the UK are struggling financially.
I was disappointed, however, that there wasn't recognition in HIW's report of the considerable efforts that have been made to take pressure off. So, the 111 service, 70,000 patients a month diverted; the '111 press 2' service, 6,000 people making use of that call centre; 13 new urgent primary care centres, making sure that 20,000 patients a month are diverted from those emergency care centres; and 23 same-day emergency care centres, making sure that 5,000 people a month do not go through the front doors of emergency departments. So, all of that, had we not had that in place, would have meant additional pressure.
Llywydd, the work that HIW does, ultimately, helps to underpin the planning of future services in the NHS. I think it's probably worth just correcting a few points, that healthcare students, for example, in receipt of the NHS Wales bursary are not required to pay tuition fees, and they are entitled to a bursary for living costs if they are studying in Wales. And they have to commit, as a result of that, to working in Wales for two years after graduation.
I issued the NHS planning framework on 18 December, and this sets out the priorities, and there is a focus to help NHS organisations as they prepare their three-year plans. The planning framework is underpinned by the national programmes, which, in turn, have been developed in response to many of the issues identified in the HIW annual report, including accessibility, workforce, flow and discharge.
Now, I just want to take accessibility as an example. Patient feedback has shown an appreciation for a blended model of access to GPs, whether through telephone consultations, digital software, or face-to-face appointments. And whilst an appointment is ultimately down to the clinical judgment of a GP, it is important that we listen to patients and their request for a choice of method to consult with their GP. We also need to acknowledge that ongoing high demand for GP services can make it difficult to get an appointment. We know that 1.5 million people consistently access primary care services across Wales each month, but I think the noise around access to GP services and the 8.00 a.m. bottleneck has decreased significantly in volume since the new GP contract was introduced last April. And I think it was very interesting to note that the concerns that had been raised with HIW were up until March 2023, which was, of course, before that contract was pinned down. Data from the past year also shows that, on average, around 80,000 people don't attend their appointments each month, so we've been working to encourage people to help improve access to GPs by attending all appointments or cancelling appointments if they can no longer make them.

Eluned Morgan AC: Another key area that has received attention fromHIW is improving patient flow in hospitals, and we've developed a national initiative with an additional £25 million in funding. There is specific emphasis on starting to plan to discharge patients from the time when they are admitted to hospital and operating on a home-first basis now as part of the strategy in every health board. The work is supported by the new data that is now gathered on the length of stay and delays in care pathways. The health boards and the regional partnership boards are responsible for the action plans.
A third example is ensuring that mental health services are more accessible. More than 38,000 people have used the '111 press 2' service for urgent mental health support services, and we've also extended accessible support services such as online cognitive behavioural therapy, the Beat eating disorder helpline, and CALL24/7 listening and advice services. We'll be publishing our new mental health strategy before long, and I know that Lynne Neagle, who's listening now, is busily working on that currently.
Now, I want to close by talking about the remit of HIW. Expanding the remit to include investigating complaints would not be a good use of resources at a time when we have to make the best use of the funding and capacity that we have. There is already a robust process to deal—[Interruption.]

Y Dirprwy Lywydd / The Deputy Presiding Officer: She is well out of her time, so I was going to remind the Minister that she's due to finish.

Eluned Morgan AC: Sorry. There is already a robust process for dealing with NHS Wales complaints—a process that has been set out in regulations. HIW's annual report does play a key part in terms of noting where improvements are needed. I will continue to work with my officials and the NHS to ensure that we do learn from the issues that are given attention in the annual report, and that we continue to collaborate to build an appropriate NHS for the future that is treasured by the people of Wales.

Y Dirprwy Lywydd / The Deputy Presiding Officer: I call on Russell George to reply to the debate.

Russell George AC: Can I thank Members who have taken part in our debate this afternoon? The HIW annual report highlighted some significant areas of concern, which were a part of the subject of our debate today and our motion. Most significantly, I thought, the report stated that HIW 'did not find evidence' of Welsh Government initiatives
'making a clear and significant difference to services at the front line.'
Well, that is a significant statement to make. Andrew R.T. Davies raised this with the First Minister in questions yesterday, and the First Minister's response to that, I thought, was dismissive. The First Minister suggested that Andrew had taken this somehow out of context. Well, it wasn't taken out of context; it was there, a quotation, directly cited, lifted from the report, and also front and centre of the report: it was in the chair's foreword, so a significant, key part of HIW's findings.
Further, I did feel as well that there was, perhaps, an insinuation from the First Minister and from Carolyn Thomas today that, somehow, a body that's there to investigate and monitor health services is somehow less of an important body. That is not the case at all, because HIW is a body that has a significant role to play in making sure that our health services are safe and patients receive good care. And what could be more important?
Now, also, of significant concern to us is the cut in funding to the body that has a vital role to play to keep patients safe. We, as Welsh Conservatives, don't simply put in our motion that we're unhappy that a body has had its funding cut for no reason at all; we do that, and we've debated this today with good reason, because we're also aware that a staggering 60 per cent of healthcare services have not been inspected in the last five years. Sixty per cent of services, healthcare services, not being inspected in the last five years. Janet Finch-Saunders, in her contribution, dug into that detail and set out exactly what sat underneath that heading.
Our motion today also asked for the expansion of HIW and to increase their remit to investigate complaints as well. Well, why is that the case? The situation at the moment is, when somebody has a concern or a complaint against a body, they have to go to the body first, to the body that they're making a complaint against, to investigate, and only then—only then—would they be able to go to the ombudsman—[Interruption.]

James Evans AS: Russ, will you give way?

Russell George AC: Yes, I will. Yes.

James Evans AS: Do you agree with me, on that point—and I know the Minister was making some comments there—a lot of my constituents feel that, when they make complaints to health boards directly, it feels like the health board are marking their own homework, sometimes, and actually don't fully investigate the complaints properly that are actually put forward to the health boards?

Russell George AC: This is the—. Did you want to make an intervention, Minister?

Eluned Morgan AC: Am I allowed to make an intervention?

Y Dirprwy Lywydd / The Deputy Presiding Officer: Yes. You are allowed to make interventions, Minister, if you wish to, and it's up to the Member whether to accept it or not.

Russell George AC: I accept it.

Eluned Morgan AC: So, within the report, within the HIW report, it's very clear that, actually, a lot of the work is all risk based, and some of it is based on what they hear from the public. There is a whistleblowing facility, where people can go directly to HIW, and that informs whether they go in. And if they get lots of complaints about one place, then they're more likely to go and inspect. So, I do suggest you read the HIW report before bringing it to—[Interruption.] Well, make sure you do, because you would know about the whistleblowing opportunities, if you'd read it.

Russell George AC: Thank you for the two interventions, and I'll address the Minister's in a moment, but I agree with James Evans in terms of his comments. It's very difficult, isn't it, when you've got a patient with a concern who raises an issue with the very body that they've got the concern with. But that's what I'm suggesting: I'm suggesting that the public services ombudsman does not have the capacity to take patients' concerns seriously and investigate adequately. That's why I'm suggesting that HIW expands its remit in that regard, and I'll come on to the Minister's comments in a moment. But, to me, HIW do have the expertise, and they have the expertise to investigate individual complaints, I would suggest; they have that ability to do that, if they have that remit to do that and the funding to do that as well.
And this is where I'll take Altaf Hussain's comments, and bring in the Minister's intervention as well. Altaf Hussain mentioned, of course, the case of the Channon family, the Channon family who raised concerns with Swansea Bay University Health Board, after their own son was born with brain damage following complications during birth. The family were informed, of course, by the Welsh Government officials, that a review had taken place and that no concerns were identified, and then it emerged that no review had actually taken place at all. Well, the Channonfamily's case exemplifies exactly the consequences of what happens when NHS organisations abuse the trust that has been placed in them to investigate, address and resolve patients' complaints and concerns surrounding some of the services that they provide. And the HIW report, I think, vindicates what the Channon family were saying. And if whistleblowing is working so well, why didn't it work so well in the case of the Channon family? So, this is what I would suggest today, in my comments back to the Minister's comments about whistleblowing: I don't think we have an adequate whistleblowing policy, or a whistleblowing facility that adequately works to address the needs that we're referring to today.
We also, I would say, suggest as well—. There were quite a few comments as well from other Members—Carolyn Thomas and Mabon ap Gwynfor—in terms of funding, and I won't spend too much time on that, but our motion also addresses that today. We, as Welsh Conservatives, would of course spend the full allocation from central Government that's earmarked for health on health, and that is a political decision that's been made here, to divert that funding away into other areas. And I'm not—. I'm just looking at what else I wanted to say.
And the other comment I'd make in closing, Deputy Presiding Officer, is that there seems to be an element from what the Minister was saying today, and it touches on what the First Minister and Carolyn Thomas said yesterday, that it seems to be as if, somehow, HIW is separate and sits outside of the health service. But I would suggest—

Eluned Morgan AC: It's independent. It's independent.

Russell George AC: It's independent—that's not the point I was—[Interruption.] The Minister is saying, from her position, that it's independent, but the point that I was coming on to make, Minister, is that you shouldn't see the separation, with HIW sitting over here and the health service there; HIW is part of the health service in terms of it being integral, an important part of the health service.

Darren Millar AC: Will you take an intervention?

Russell George AC: Yes, I will.

Darren Millar AC: I think one of the concerns about HIW's lack of independenceis that, of course, elsewhere in the UK, inspectorates can place organisations into special measures without seeking permission from Ministers, which gives the opportunity for political interference. That isn't the case here in Wales. We've seen delays in organisations like the Betsi Cadwaladr health board being placed in and out, like the hokey cokey, of special measures at the whim of Ministers in an inappropriate way. That's the sort of political interference that we're fed up of, frankly, in north Wales. We want to see the independent inspectorate having the opportunity to sort that out.

Russell George AC: Thank you, Darren. Our motion is on the order paper today. I do hope that Members will support the motion on the order paper, because what we want to see is adequate resources for HIW put in place not only to make sure that they can adequately investigate and monitor health services effectively across Wales, but also to expand their remit to take on patients' concerns and complaints seriously, because at the end of the day we need to make sure that if there are problems—and there will be problems in the health service—when we do find those problems they are addressed and then we learn lessons from those problems as well. Diolch yn fawr iawn.

Y Dirprwy Lywydd / The Deputy Presiding Officer: The proposal is to agree the motion without amendment. Does any Member object? [Objection.] There are objections. I will therefore defer voting under this item until voting time.

Voting deferred until voting time.

7. Plaid Cymru Debate: Apprenticeships

The following amendments have been selected: amendment 1 in the name of Lesley Griffiths, and amendments 2 and 3 in the name of Darren Millar. If amendment 1 is agreed, amendments 2 and 3 will be deselected.

Y Dirprwy Lywydd / The Deputy Presiding Officer: Item 7 this afternoon is the Plaid Cymru debate on apprenticeships. I call on Luke Fletcher to move the motion.

Motion NDM8451 Luke Fletcher
To propose that this Senedd:
1. Notes:
a) that approximately 80 per cent of small firms in Wales struggled to recruit in the past 12 months due to skills shortages;
b) the skills gap across economic sectors in Wales outlined in recent Employer Skills Surveys; and
c) the Welsh Government’s target to create 125,000 all-age apprenticeships by the end of the current Senedd term.
2. Regrets:
a) that over halfway through the current Senedd term, less than a third of the Welsh Government’s target has been achieved;
b) the estimated 24.5 per cent reduction in funding for the Welsh Government’s apprenticeship programme which will result in 10,000 fewer apprenticeship starts in 2024-25; and
c) that as a result of funding reductions, the Welsh Government is failing its economic mission to back young people to achieve ambitious futures in Wales.
3. Calls on the Welsh Government to:
a) establish a sustainable long-term funding model for apprenticeships;
b) rule out the introduction of tuition fees for degree apprenticeships in Wales; and
c) commission an independent evaluation of the feasibility of meeting its target for all-age apprenticeships by 2026.

Motion moved.

Luke Fletcher AS: Diolch, Dirprwy Lywydd. We table this debate not just because of our own concerns, but also the concerns that have been shared with us by the further education sector, students as well as the wider business sector, concerns that Members can see from the open letter signed by 60 employers.Apprenticeships are very obviously not just an education issue; they're an economic one as well.
Apprenticeships are consistently highlighted by all of us in this Chamber as a priority. No matter the speaker—Plaid, Tory, Labour, Lib Dem—all of us can agree on the need to build on what we already have. That's why I think these cuts are particularly jarring, more so because the economy Minister himself identified it as a priority within his economy strategy—priority 2, a platform for young people, fair work, skills and success. We knew the strategy was thin on the ground in terms of detail, but I don't think anyone was expecting just a week later the biggest cut to apprenticeships since the beginning of devolution, completely undermining the economy Minister's own strategy.
This also happened on the back of the Government briefing the FE sector to expect a 3 per cent cut, 10,000 fewer apprenticeship starts, a 50 per cent reduction in new starts. That's potentially what we are facing. Cardiff and Vale College group highlighted very clearly to us the impact of the proposed cuts, estimating that the total economic loss of the proposed cuts in the worst case scenario could be up to a potential lifetime loss of £406.8 million. In its more conservative estimate, it could be a potential lifetime cost of £296.5 million.
Let's break that down a bit. The construction industry, a key net zero and reskilling sector, crucial as we move towards green industries, is expected to see one of the worst cuts after the health sector. Nearly 10 per cent of apprenticeship starts are in engineering, and another 12 per cent are in construction. Overall, 24.6 per cent of GVA loss will be in this sector. That's a potential lifetime loss of £99.9 million in the worst case scenario, or £73.1 million under a more conservative estimate.
The professional scientific and technical activity sector, another critical sector for net zero, has the third largest loss, a potential lifetime cost of £69.6 million in the worst case, and a £50.7 million lifetime cost under a conservative estimate. This represents 17.1 per cent of all losses.No matter how you cut it, the current proposed cut will have potentially a devastating impact.
These cuts, of course, couldn't be proposed at a worse time, a time when we know that 80 per cent of small firms in Wales cite a skills shortage as a barrier to recruitment. That should be an indication to the Government that demand is only going to increase for starters. There’s been no reduction in demand for new apprenticeship starts, with Welsh Government data actually showing an increase in apprenticeship starts in the first half of 2022-23 compared to the same period a year earlier. ColegauCymru actually expect an increase in demand from employers in 2023-24, which, if it could be supported, reflects well on the outlook for the Welsh economy.
I’ll beat the Minister and Labour Members to it: what would be cut? Where’s the alternative budget? We know, of course, the effect of the loss of EU structural funds. We debated it yesterday afternoon. The sector recognises it. The apprenticeship levy needs assessing. We know that Wales currently loses out because of it. We’d love to see the books in their full detail, line by line, but we can’t. We aren’t given that level of detail, even though we’ve asked for it. As an opposition party, our role isn’t to do the job of Government for them, especially without the Government resources and access to information. Our role is definitely, though, to come here and to highlight decisions that the Government makes, and the impacts, to encourage the Government to go back and find another way. That is scrutiny.
We understand, of course, the difficulties and pressures on the Welsh Government’s budget, but we need to be retaining our young people, creating career opportunities and reskilling, providing future generations with these skills and careers, especially with an ageing population here in Wales, especially with the challenge of migration of young people, especially with the skills gap. We need the Government to think again.
Dirprwy Lywydd, I move this motion to the Senedd, and I look forward to all Members’ contributions.

Y Dirprwy Lywydd / The Deputy Presiding Officer: I have selected the three amendments to the motion. If amendment 1 is agreed, amendments 2 and 3 will be deselected. I call on the Minister for Economy to formally move amendment 1, tabled in the name of Lesley Griffiths.

Amendment 1—Lesley Griffiths
Delete all and replace with:
To propose that the Senedd:
1. Notes:
a) that small businesses across Wales access a range of Welsh Government-funded employment, skills and business support to meet recruitment challenges in a volatile labour market and low growth UK environment;
b) the skills gap that exists in economic sectors in Wales outlined in recent Employer Skills Surveys; and welcomes the Welsh Government’s emphasis on targeted support in those areas, including funding for personal learning accounts;
c) the Welsh Government’s target to create 125,000 all-age apprenticeships by the end of the current Senedd term and the impact cuts to the Welsh budget, the loss of European replacement funds and record inflation has on the business and public budgets required to deliver against estimates set prior to the multiple economic shocks which have emerged since 2021; and
d) that cuts to Wales’s budget, the loss of promised EU replacement funds and soaring inflation has undermined the Welsh Government’s economic mission and the implications this has for young people and their ability to achieve ambitious futures in Wales.
2. Welcomes:
a) that halfway through the current Senedd term, the Welsh Government has committed in excess of £400m in apprenticeships; and
b) the commitment to protecting the quality of apprenticeship delivery at a time of falling budgets and recognises the long term risks associated with reducing quality considerations in order to increase the number of apprenticeships delivered.
3. Notes the Welsh Government will:
a) continue to prioritise funding for apprenticeships against a backdrop of severe financial pressure;
b) support degree apprenticeships in Wales; and
c) work with the apprenticeship network to secure the best possible delivery outcomes.

Amendment 1moved.

Vaughan Gething AC: Formally.

Y Dirprwy Lywydd / The Deputy Presiding Officer: I call on Paul Davies to move amendments 2 and 3, tabled in the name of Darren Millar.

Amendment 2—Darren Millar
In point 3, insert new sub-point after sub-point (a) and renumber accordingly:
expand apprenticeships, especially to degree level, to tackle skill shortages in core sectors including healthcare, renewable energy and digital technology;

Amendment 3—Darren Millar
In point 3, insert as new sub-point after sub-point (a), and renumber accordingly:
allow for flexible entry points for degree apprenticeships, recognising an individual’s prior educational attainment;

Amendments 2 and 3 moved.

Paul Davies AC: Diolch, Dirprwy Lywydd. I move the amendments tabled in the name of my colleague Darren Millar.
The Member for South Wales West has given a good overview of the current situation facing apprenticeship providers and the impact that the proposed cuts in the Welsh Government’s draft budget will have on the sector, and I echo a lot of the points that he has raised. As we all know, apprenticeships are a vital part of the education and skills agenda. They help build a skilled workforce and enhance the employability of learners. And they’re agents for social change, too—they offer the opportunity for people to upskill, reskill and develop work-based skills as they learn. And so the Welsh Government was right to establish a commitment to apprenticeships by setting a target to create 125,000 all-age apprenticeships by the end of the current Senedd term.
Over the years, there has been a lot of talk about the need for parity of esteem between academic and vocational education, so setting a priority to deliver apprenticeships sent a strong statement of support of them, and the valuable role they have in supporting the Welsh economy. And I know from my discussions with providers, businesses and learners in my own constituency just how transformative an apprenticeship can be. Businesses regularly highlight the positive impact that apprenticeships have on their workforce, and the impact on learners is transformational. For example, Sara Rees, who is an apprentice at Hywel Dda University Health Board, has had the opportunity to observe a surgical procedure and attend theatre, and then follow the patient’s progress first-hand, which has given her valuable insight and experience in the field. She believes that apprenticeships are an excellent opportunity, whether you are coming straight from school, a parent, or changing your career path, as it gives you security, experience and the support to reach your end goal. And she is right. We must not lose sight of the fact that apprenticeships are making a huge impact on lives like Sara’s right across Wales.
In November, the Welsh Government set out its renewed economic mission, and one of the four bullet points of that mission was an emphasis on supporting key sectors to grow and prioritising young people. And yet at the same time significant cuts are being proposed to the flagship apprenticeship programme, which we know will reduce opportunities for thousands of young people. The National Training Federation for Wales has made it clear that the cuts to the apprenticeship programme will have a huge impact on the Welsh Government’s young person’s guarantee, and the Welsh Government’s priority economic sectors. Indeed, they confirm that the number of apprenticeships in Wales will drop from 20,000 to 10,000 in 2024-25, which is a huge drop of 50 per cent. And as we’ve already heard, they joined FSB Wales, CBI Wales, the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, Make UK and ColegauCymru in writing an open letter to the First Minister stressing how the cuts to the apprenticeship programme will undermine the new economic mission and cut the talent pipeline for employers. I join these organisations, as well as providers, businesses and learners across Wales, in calling on the Welsh Governmentto rethink its proposed cut before it's too late.
The motion also calls on the Welsh Government to establish a sustainable, long-term funding model for apprenticeships, which I believe should come off the back of a review of the funding landscape for apprenticeships, and an honest, national conversation about how the Welsh Government plans to deliver apprenticeships in the future.The sector needs support and providers need to be able to plan and map out their delivery over the longer term, and so I hope the Welsh Government will commit to an independent review as called for in the motion.
Finally, I want to briefly touch on degree apprenticeships. My party's amendment seeks to add to the Plaid Cymru motion by adding a point to expand apprenticeships in core sectors and also ensure that there's more flexibility in accessing degree apprenticeships so that there can be a recognition of a student's prior learning. I believe the system needs to be much more open to recognising the value that prior learning has, and as a result there should be more flexibility in accessing degree apprenticeships. We should be opening doors and expanding access where possible.
In closing, Dirprwy Lywydd, I again echo many of the views already expressed about the decision to cut funding for apprenticeships and urge the Minister to rethink his decision. I understand that Government finances are tight and there is a pressure from all sectors for support right now. However, given the Welsh Government's recent renewed economic mission and the priority that has been given to providing skills and apprenticeships by this particular Welsh Government, the decision to cut funding for apprenticeships is completely out of kilter with the Welsh Government's own policy objectives. I remind Members that the budget process is far from over and there is time for changes to be made, so I urge the Welsh Government to listen to the sector, listen to businesses and listen to learners. I urge Members to support our amendments.

Huw Irranca-Davies AC: I mentioned in an intervention on this matter last week, I think it was, that I'd had meetings with Viv Buckley of Bridgend College. I also have had briefings and discussions with ColegauCymru in the run-up to this. I think all of us in this Senedd Chamber recognise, and have spoken about already in the first few contributions, the importance of good apprenticeships, particularly in communities like my own, where many young people, male and female now increasingly, will go on to see apprenticeships as the route to good careers, long careers in well-paid jobs. That's the route they increasingly choose, often in concert with support being given by local employers, training providers and also Bridgend College.
I note the letter that every Member of the Senedd has had from the NTFW and ColegauCymru in advance of today's debate, in which they recognise the investment that has gone in to apprenticeships in Wales. Indeed, they recognise the success of that, particularly the investment—I think it's £400 million plus that the Welsh Government has invested in the first few years of this Senedd term—and the ambitions that we have for it. But in so doing, I have to say they also—as colleagues have already said—urge the Welsh Government to reconsider and look for that transition funding. Because what they note, of course, Minister, is that we've lost that European funding that underpinned all of this, and that is the hard reality. I cannot stand here honestly with integrity as a Member of this Senedd and simply say to the Minister, faced with all the cuts that we currently have across every budget area, 'Just dig deeper, Minister, just find the additional money that was promised that we would have when the European money disappeared and we would have all this money to Wales.' Where is it? The answer is it isn't there, it hasn't been given to us.
But we have additional complications as well that we do need to be honest and frank about. It's not only the loss of the European funding, it's also the loss of the ability to control our own apprenticeships here in Wales. The apprenticeship levy is an absolute travesty. Because we know that we can deliver these apprenticeships well in Wales, we have a track record of doing it, but we've been curtailed by a desire of the UK Government to say, 'No, we have control of that'.
All of these things play into, and are in addition to, the cost inflation that we've seen and the budgetary pressures on the Welsh Government and the overall budget statement, which doesn't come just from this year, but year after year after year, to really, really—. We often call them difficult decisions, but they're impossible decisions. Now, I actually get where the NTFW an ColegauCymru are coming from on this. They are effectively putting their case, and I want the Minister to respond to a couple of the scenarios that they paint in a moment, and they're doing that, but I think it's incumbent, then, upon us, because we are not ColegauCymru and we are not NTFW—we speak on behalf of those youngsters who want to get into apprenticeships, and actually the people of all ages who want to get into apprenticeships—to say, 'How do we do this when faced with this?' But we are either of parties that are in government or of parties that aspire to be, one day, in government, in which case, looking at these budgets as they go through every committee in this Senedd at the moment, somebody is going to have to come up with something remarkable as these go through committees, and somebody is going to have to give solutions to the Minister, not to do with an independent review, an independent commission and so on—we know what the problems are; we absolutely know what the problems are—but, actually, to come up with some ideas and some solutions that say, 'Well, if we're going to fund them at the same level that we have done for the first three years, then something else is going to have to give.' We have to be honest about that—genuinely honest about it—and I look forward to those who are sitting on the relevant committees coming up with that.
But let me just say in brief, Minister, that some of the scenarios painted by ColegauCymru suggest that because of looking forward in the year ahead—the year ahead immediately—because they'll have to actually show preference to people who are already in apprenticeship routes, that could well mean a significant drop-off, a huge drop-off, in new apprenticeships for next year. What would your response be to that? The other thing is: because of the focus ofWelsh Government on construction, engineering, health and social care, then other areas might well see a drop-off as well, because the money can only be spread so far, of course. So, I'd welcome that, but other responses to—he'll have seen the briefing from ColegauCymru as well, but responses to their genuine concerns and what this could mean for the year ahead.
But let's be quite frank, and I'm aware that I've run out of time, this is on the track record of big investment over the first two or three years of this Government—over £400 million. Butthe scale of the challenge we have is not an apprenticeship-only challenge. Some of us went outside yesterday and we met with junior doctors. We are meeting, day by day, with homelessness charities; we are meeting, day by day, with everybody who is saying, quite rightly, that theirs is a priority area—so is apprenticeships. I have to say that the hard reality of this is that we need the money given to us to actually run these things, and then we will do it. At the moment, I would ask for the assurance from the Minister that he will work intensely and constructively with all of the training providers and the colleges in Wales to get us through the 12 months ahead in good shape, meaning that we can get back, in future, with a Government at a UK level that decides it's worth investing in these matters and across our budgets, supplementing our budget, so we can get back on a level kilter again.

The Llywydd took the Chair.

Cefin Campbell AS: I thank Huw for the intervention and we share the urgency, absolutely, which is why we want this debate to be heard this afternoon. But it is difficult for us, as opposition parties, despite us asking, time and time again, to come up with alternative budget cuts without us seeing the line-for-line detail that we need. When we have that, we can engage in a proper debate about priorities, but this, for us, is certainly a priority, as I'm sure you share.

Cefin Campbell AS: My contribution this afternoon is one that intends to draw attention to the impact that these cuts are going to have on the health sector and its workforce, and particularly on our rural communities. The largest number of apprentices starting their courses in Wales every year are associated with the health and care services sector; this includes about 43 per cent of all of the apprenticeships that are offered.
The cuts in the budget could lead to a reduction of around 10,000 apprenticeships starting next year—a reduction of around 50 per cent—and the effects of this, as I've just mentioned, will be felt especially in the health and care sector. Apprenticeships in the health and care sector provide specialist training for essential roles in social care, home care, clinical healthcare and many other areas. In a sector that is already crying out for support in the face of years of cuts, cuts to apprenticeship funding is going to have a detrimental impact on workforce planning, recruitment and training for the future.

Cefin Campbell AS: Healthcare workers' salaries are lower in Wales than in any other part of these islands, and we know that our healthcare workers are leaving to work and train where there is better pay, better working conditions and access to better training opportunities. And this at a time, for example, in August 2023, when the Welsh NHS was already facing 4,300 staff vacancies.Now, what is the Welsh Government's plan to rectify this? And what does the future of the NHS Wales workforce look like under this Government?
Well, the looming crisis in apprenticeships in health and social care highlights a wider issue: that this Government is not creating enough opportunities for our young people to stay in their communities or to contribute to their local economies. This is all of particular concern in the kinds of rural and coastal communities that I represent in Mid and West Wales. The impact of this drastic cut in apprenticeships on our rural communities will be particularly significant—another blow to rural households and businesses already disproportionately squeezed by the current cost-of-living crisis. Fifty per cent of total apprenticeship starts, annually, are outside the M4 corridor. Here, apprenticeships provide a vital means of accessing work and training where other opportunities to do so are scarce. It's a way into employment for those who often find it difficult through the traditional education-based route.
So, the proposed cuts to the apprenticeship programme budget will also disproportionately impact the kinds of smaller firms that are the backbone of our rural economy. Statistics from the Federation of Small Businesses today show that small and medium-sized enterprises are less likely to host apprenticeships in comparison with medium-sized companies, and as we all know, SMEs make up the vast majority of businesses in rural Wales. So, without the right kinds of Government support, these firms will find it far more difficult to offer on-the-job training. This in turn will limit young people's ability to find training and employment opportunities and thereby stay in and contribute to their local communities.

Cefin Campbell AS: To close, therefore, could I ask whether the Government has conducted any sort of assessment to determine the effect that these cuts will have on rural areas? If not, will the Minister commit today to doing that work?
Finally, what's happening with apprenticeships shows, once again, that the Government is not aware enough of the genuine challenges facing our rural communities. I call on him this afternoon to develop a strategy to tackle this issue.

Laura Anne Jones AC: I thank Plaid for tabling this important debate today. It's really important that we discuss this, as our apprenticeship sector is now in a perilous state. For a Government that agrees with the Conservatives that offering apprenticeships is not only important but is essential, as not everyone is academic, as has already been mentioned today—it is also important for our economy and our future economy in Wales.
Improving skills is meant to be at the heart of the Welsh Government economic strategy, yet, as a result of the funding cut, the sector is forecasting 10,000 fewer apprenticeship starts next year. To put this into context, the latest available figures show that there were around 20,000 new apprenticeship starts in 2021—that's a 50 per cent reduction in new starters. The proposed cuts to the apprenticeship budget in the 2024-25 draft budget are equivalent to 25 per cent in cuts—equivalent to £35 million. These brutal cuts are on top of the £17.5 million already cut from apprenticeships by this Labour Government. The sector have warned that the fall in apprenticeships will disproportionately impact young people and women, and in 2021-22, over half of apprentices were female. Whether it be normal apprenticeships or degree apprenticeships, we are so far behind our neighbours in England and Scotland that it's almost, quite frankly, embarrassing. This is a real failure by this inadequate Government, and from a Minister that wishes to become First Minister of our country. It's extremely worrying, as the Member for Mid and West Wales, Cefin Campbell, has just said, that these Labour cuts will hit the health and social care sector the hardest—health and public service apprenticeships make up nearly 45 per cent of all apprenticeships—at a time when we're crying out for more workforce, Minister, in the NHS, particularly in social care. This Labour Government should be putting investment into ensuring we're plugging these gaps so we can unblock the system, get people out of their hospital beds quicker and back into the community. Not doing so will only exacerbate the current problems we are facing.
When you couple this with the further education cuts, it paints a bleak picture for the next generation of workers. We have already seen the Welsh Government abandon its manifesto pledge of creating 125,000 new apprenticeships by the end of the Senedd term. To reach the new, smaller target there would need to be 84,760 new apprenticeships by 2026. This would mean there need to be 42,308 new apprenticeships a year, almost double what has been reached in February 2022 and April 2023. On this downward trajectory, this is clearly just not going to happen. We are about to see numbers dramatically dropping, if you're honest, Minister, aren't we?
The national federation of Wales warns that the cuts threaten hundreds of jobs in the work-based learning sector, and this is just truly worrying stuff. On the one hand, Welsh Labour claim to be serious about investing in future generations and skills, yet, on the other, we see them pull the ladder of opportunity that apprenticeships offer and cut them to the bone. It is vital that this cut not only be reversed, but be invested in so we can truly see an apprenticeship revolution take off here in Wales. So, I hope this Plaid debate today wakes up the Government to the reality of the consequences of cutting apprenticeships in Wales and the chaos that they are about to unleash on the sector if they don't reverse these damaging cuts. So, I really urge everybody to vote for the motion and our amendments today. Thank you.

Sioned Williams AS: I have seen with my own eyes, during a visit to the JES Group company in Port Talbot, the pride and skills that can be derived from an apprenticeship. It was a genuinely striking experience to see a local successful company develop an innovative and successful apprenticeship programme that provides local opportunities to local people. The benefits for the company, for the apprentices, and for the community were very apparent.And, of course, as we've heard, apprenticeships can be an effective route for social mobility and a means of escaping the multigenerational poverty trap, particularly in disadvantaged communities, where there are higher levels of intersectional inequality.
The concerns over the cuts to the apprenticeship programme and the disproportionate impact that this will have on already disadvantaged groups need to be considered seriously, and are ones that Plaid Cymru opposes. There are concerns about the future of colleges that help to train apprentices in disadvantaged communities, concerns regarding redundancies and concerns regarding the loss of courses, training expertise and opportunities for people not only to improve their lives but also to supply skills that are greatly needed by local employers.
So, how does this decision give 'due regard' to the socioeconomic duty of the Minister for Economy? Because the data paint a clear picture of the inequality that will be created by cuts to the apprenticeships programme. As we've heard, 36 per cent of apprenticeships are in the health and social care sector, and 43 per cent of new apprenticeships that are started are in healthcare and public services.
And, of course, the majority of the workforce in the health and social care sector is predominantly female and they tend to be over 25 years old. Fifty-nine per cent of all apprenticeships that are started are started by women. So, when we talk about that 50 per cent reduction in the number of new apprenticeships starting, this is not spread evenly across demographic groups. It's going to hit women who are already facing barriers to employment and gender pay gaps, thereby exacerbating gender inequality.
Similarly, because a significant proportion of apprenticeships are in the healthcare sector, and apprentices tend to be over 25 generally—as I said, 56 per cent of those who start apprenticeships are over 25 anyway—these cuts are going to eliminate opportunities for many older people who are looking to reskill, upskill and who may have lost their jobs due to economic or industrial changes—and we face those in the area that I represent, with the news that looks like it’s going to break tomorrow with Tata—or prevent those who have had to leave the workforce due to childcare responsibilities, or other caring responsibilities, from returning through reskilling. Bearing in mind that the economic mission makes no mention of adult learners or reskilling, we must ask how much of a priority this group is for the Government.
In April, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales will be abolished and its functions, which include the provision of apprenticeships, will be transferred to the Commission for Tertiary Education and Research. We have not yet received a statement from the Government on the priorities of the new body, or details about the specific funding allocations, although we understand that there will be funding for degree apprenticeships outlined in the commission's funding letter.
The Government’s amendment says that it will support degree apprenticeships, but you have stated, Minister, in a letter to the Economy, Trade and Rural Affairs Committee, that there will be no transfers made from the economy MEG as part of the 2024-25 draft budget to support degree apprenticeships. And the Minister for education this morning in the committee was unable to confirm whether there is a funding allocation for degree apprenticeships within the allocation for HEFCW or the new commission without the transfer. Will you let us know, therefore, why you are not transferring money from your budget as you did last year, bearing in mind that degree apprenticeships, in providing an opportunity to combine working with part-time study at university, and with the Welsh Government fully funding the tuition fees, offer such an important route for people looking to reskill or upskill or try to improve their job opportunities?
As we’ve heard from everyone, apprenticeships offer unique opportunities for young people from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds to earn money while learning, a life-changing pathway, leading not only to a career, but also to the building of cultural capital, important networks and employment contacts that would not otherwise be available to many of these young people otherwise.
And given the other cuts we’ve heard about—and I mentioned them in my questions to the education Minister—in terms of FE and HE, these cuts to apprenticeships will have a disproportionate impact on people who need an opportunity, not restrictions on their ability to live well and to live equally. These decisions are incompatible with the desire to create a fair Wales.

Jack Sargeant AC: Diolch, Llywydd. Presiding Officer, I’m always glad to hear the passionate support for apprenticeships in debates in this Senedd. It’s particularly gratifying as the number of politicians who have been former apprentices is particularly quite low, and, as a proud former apprentice myself, you have heard me on many occasions, Presiding Officer, say before that some professions are overrepresented in politics in this very place, and we desperately need more former apprentices, from a range of trades, to diversify this place and many other institutions.
Llywydd, my apprenticeship was in engineering, and thousands of others are taking up apprenticeships in advanced manufacturing in my constituency of Alyn and Deeside. Airbus alone trained 4,000 apprentices in the last decade and, in Broughton, I’m proud to say that 70 per cent of UK senior management in Airbus in Broughton started their careers as apprentices. Now, these skills developed during the term of an apprenticeship will of course be vital to Airbus, they’ll be of course vital to the businesses that have other apprenticeship schemes, but they’re also vital to building the Welsh economy, and, no matter how many times Members try to talk Wales down, we really do sit on the edge of opportunity here in Cymru.
The race to net zero requires the development of a green economy, and the Minister and Welsh Government colleagues are right to focus on apprenticeships that can deliver in these skills. Presiding Officer, I recently had the opportunity to speak to the policy team at the Institute of Physics, and they really underscored this point when they told me that physics-related apprenticeships can play a vital and an important part in tackling the skills gap, but also, whilst we do that, bold solutions are needed.
And apprenticeships can work, they do work, and, it's right, they are needed. They're needed at the forefront of the new economy, from green energy to the nuclear industry, to electrical engineering, construction, digital—all of these trades that we've spoken about already. And I'd always want more investment in apprenticeships. In fact, I find it difficult to find anyone more passionate or perhaps more qualified to speak in these debates. But, Presiding Officer, we have to understand that, like all spending, spending on apprenticeships has been damaged. It's been damaged by the failures of Westminster, it's been damaged by the failures of the UK Conservative Government. Apprenticeship funding, like other funding for other services, is paying the price of Liz Truss, it is paying the price of the Prime Minister, Rishi Sunak, now in crashing and damaging our economy, and it is paying the price of the constant chaos, the constant failure—

Janet Finch-Saunders AC: Will you take an intervention?

Jack Sargeant AC: Of course.

Janet Finch-Saunders AC: Thank you. Would you not agree with me that we should all be rather grateful for the sake of our constituents that the very same Prime Minister that you have mentioned promised to get inflation down, and he has well and truly done that?

Jack Sargeant AC: Janet, I mentioned two Prime Ministers within that, and I reflect on Liz Truss's small premiership, where she absolutely crashed the economy. The reason we're having this very debate now about the difficulties we find ourselves in is because of that Conservative Prime Minister. [Interruption.] I'll take another intervention if the Member wants one.

Samuel Kurtz AS: I'm prepared to make an intervention if the Member for Alyn and Deeside allows me; it's very kind of him to do so. One of the key issues that has eaten away at budgets across the western hemisphere is inflation, not the premiership of Liz Truss, but inflation caused by the invasion of the Ukraine and the debts that we have to pay following COVID support.

Jack Sargeant AC: I'm grateful to Sam Kurtz for making the intervention. I must say, to stand here in the Senedd with a straight face and say that it is nothing to do with the premiership of Liz Truss is very brave and is dishonest, perhaps, of the Member, but fair play to him. What I should say though is the constant, consistent failure—. We are paying the price of the consistent failure—of chaos—in the delivery of growth, which is the hallmark of the Government in Westminster, and, Presiding Officer, the loss of funding to Wales. It's right that we are aware of the loss of funding to Wales, particularly the EU replacement funds, taken by the Conservative Government. That money could well have been spent to fund apprenticeships in Wales. And the Conservative spokesperson says about a national honest conversation; perhaps he should have that conversation with his colleagues as well, because those rules specifically forbid the use of funds on Wales-wide programmes, and yet the Tories cheered on that situation back in 2021 and they do the same today.
I see I'm running out of time, Presiding Officer, so I will wrap up here. But I'll say to our Plaid colleagues as well across the Chamber, in their discussions, the spokesperson for Plaid said in his opening contribution that it wasn't his job to do the job of Government; well, I agree, actually, it's not his job to do that, but what his job is to do, and it's his party's job, is to offer a serious alternative to the Welsh public of the Welsh Government. And I think if they're honest in their assessment today, you haven't had that and that Welsh public haven't had that. But, thankfully, Presiding Officer—and I will finish on this—with what I've said, the good news is, Presiding Officer, that Keir Starmer wants to support the return of the EU funding to Wales and the decision-making powers to Wales. So, once again, the answer is very clear for members of the public: if you want to support a Wales-wide apprenticeship programme, then, when the polls come, you should and must vote Labour.

Peredur Owen Griffiths AS: I'd like to briefly speak on Plaid Cymru's call for a sustainable funding model for apprenticeships. We're looking at an in-year Welsh Government budget cut of £17.5 million. There is a deep context behind this, and that is the European structural funds top-up that went towards the apprenticeship scheme here in Wales. That is now lost and is going to have a devastating effect. The Welsh Government knew that the European structural funds would be withdrawn and they committed to replacing this with £18 million from reserves. Where has that money gone? Why aren't we seeing it now? So, what we are actually going to see isn't just a Welsh Government £17.5 million cut, it is a £38 million reduction between the apprenticeship scheme's contract years of 2023-24 and 2024-25. It feels as though the Welsh Government are hiding behind their budget narrative, as it doesn't factor these structural fund losses. The real scale of the issue at hand here is much more significant and there are real concerns about transparency here. The Welsh Government has to ensure that contract values are being made available and this messaging is clear.
In reality, over several budgets and supplementary budgets, we have actually seen a continual chipping away of the apprenticeship budget to support other Welsh Government priorities; this is despite the Welsh Government's manifesto promise and the economy Minister's recent economic mission aims. But this has been masked by the fact that there have been potential European structural funds to top up contract values and offset any reductions.
Until recently, the commitment to 125,000 apprenticeships was all go. Providers were being informed that the Welsh Government's commitment to its apprenticeships target stood. And then, all of a sudden, there was a massive u-turn. There is a requirement to continue funding these apprenticeships, but there is expected to be insufficient funding available in the contract year 2024-25 to allow for the level of starts initially expected; this is why we're looking at 10,000 fewer apprenticeship starts. Welsh Government needs to commit to ensuring the contract value for 2024-25 is as high as the contract value for 2023-24, as we suggested previously. It is these contract values that really matter and that apprenticeship providers will be considering. There's a real lack of long-term thinking and any critical evaluation of the impacts of these decisions. Where will the proposed reduction in funding hit hardest?
This is why Plaid Cymru is calling for a long-term sustainable funding model for this scheme. Allocations on a one-year basis don't provide the certainty and clarity needed by businesses, learners and educators alike. This short-term thinking and uncertainty is not going to maximise the impact of apprenticeship schemes. Diolch yn fawr.

Jane Dodds AS: Diolch yn fawr iawn, Llywydd. It sounds like we're all agreed on something—that is, that apprenticeships are like gold dust; we just need more. And in my view, we would benefit from them being really focused in on the climate emergency. We here in Wales are blessed with a wealth of resources when it comes to renewable energy and we need to capitalise on this. Let's look at one example that many of us have spoken about in this Siambr. Over the past few months, there has been considerable progress made in achieving long-term capacity for floating offshore wind in the Celtic sea—FLOW. However, such progress can only be moved forward with a strategic workforce growth plan, which has to include a slew of apprenticeships.
Experts state that 10,000 new jobs are needed to manufacture just 1 GW of floating offshore wind. That means an estimated 20,000 new jobs will be created by future Celtic sea offshore wind, creating a real need for programmes that will allow us to train the up-and-coming workforce. If we are to be serious about achieving our net-zero targets, then it is fundamentally important that we push for the development of the right skills needed for the green energy sector.
I was, therefore, pleased to see that the Welsh Government has recognised the important role that apprenticeships can play as part of their net-zero skills action plan, but I am concerned about the potential impact that the proposed cuts to the apprenticeship programme will have on this ability to train our new workforce. If we are serious about tackling the climate crisis, then we must ensure that there are no more cuts that impact on the progress of the net-zero skills action plan. We are running out of time. We can't emphasise enough how important it is that we make the switch to green energy now—not tomorrow or the day after, but right now.
The United Kingdom Conservative Government has shown how little they care about the climate crisis, but we here in Wales can do more, but we have to do it at speed and at scale. Apprenticeships in renewable energy are already a possibility. For instance, the offshore wind energy company Ørsted already have a well-established apprenticeship scheme for wind turbine technicians, as well as providing funds for STEM-related training and skills, but the clock is ticking and we need action. We need to lay down a realistic and sustainable action plan that details the types of policies we can develop for skills delivery and workforce development, and apprenticeships are the backbone of the workforce that's needed. Diolch yn fawr iawn.

Darren Millar AC: I just wanted to make a short contribution. As Jack Sargeant quite rightly said, there's plenty of support for apprenticeships in this Chamber on a cross-party basis, and I think it's great to hear so many people sharing their enthusiasm for ensuring that we have got people going into apprenticeships and that that pipeline isn't cut off or restricted in some way. We know how important they are to the Welsh economy, and I'm afraid that when you do cut apprenticeship funding, it has knock-on effects elsewhere, which could cause costs to the public purse in Wales and may cost the Welsh Government dearly.
I know that in Conwy and Denbighshire, where we have had very many apprenticeships—many thousands, in fact—since 2019, there would be a real serious impact on those businesses that rely on those skills that those apprenticeships are learning. And as has been said by others in this Chamber, the impact on our healthcare sector and our public sector also should not be overlooked, because at the end of the day, we need to make sure that we have people with the skills that the Welsh workforce will need in the future. The fact is that there have been, just in Conwy and Denbighshire alone, over 800 apprenticeships in the healthcare and public sector parts of the apprenticeship programmes, just in the first three quarters of last year alone.
We know also that demand for apprenticeships has been increasing. It has not been decreasing. The Welsh Government has tried to suggest that it's been decreasing in previous years, and that's why it made cuts to the budget in those years, but of course demand is increasing. More and more people are becoming aware of apprenticeship opportunities. There are more apprenticeship programmes that people can link themselves into. And that's why I don't think it's a good idea to cut this apprenticeship budget. I don't think it's a very good long-term view to have. I think it will have catastrophic consequences for the Welsh economy. And particularly when you consider that elsewhere in the UK, investment in apprenticeships has actually been growing.
Just in 2021, the UK Government allocated a further £200 million to apprenticeships. In the budget, just last year, a further £50 million was allocated to pilots of apprenticeships, to drive the UK economy forward, including in engineering and manufacturing. So, we have this situation where elsewhere in the UK investment in apprenticeships is going up, whereas in Wales we seem to be rowing back from apprenticeships, in spite of their growing popularity. And it will have a catastrophic impact on our economy, because if we don't have the skilled workforce that we need, we won't be attracting the inward investment, we won't be having the new businesses starting up that need those skills, and we'll have those skills gaps, particularly in our national health service, our care workforce, and the public sector, which so desperately depend on these things as well.
So, I'd like to see the Welsh Government looking again at the way it prioritises its budget. Everyone keeps saying, 'Where are you going to find this money?' We know the Welsh Government has spent a huge sum of money already on things that it didn't necessarily have to do, that it could have deprioritised. We mentioned 20 mph zones and changing speed limits for one of them. You didn't have to do that. This is something, I think, that is a much more important thing and ought to have been prioritised in a much better way. So, I would urge the Welsh Government to look again at the budgets. Just in the Grŵp Llandrillo Menai college alone, we know that the cuts next year, the impact of those cuts will be in excess of £5 million, with hundreds of apprentices no longer able to take up those apprenticeship opportunities, and it's a real retrograde step. So, I urge you, Minister, to look again within your department, see where you're focusing your resources, and I'm sure that you'll find lots of wasteful places from where you could divert resources to this budget line.

John Griffiths AC: I believe the Welsh Government has a strong record in terms of developing apprenticeship programmes here in Wales, and it really is very concerning that we're now in a position where some of that progress will be weakened. And as Huw Irranca-Davies and Jack Sargeant said, it is very much a result of UK Government austerity, their failure to replace European funding as promised, the apprenticeship levy, and their general approach to austerity. Of course, this will have consequences here in Wales, and we've heard about some of those already in this debate today.
I know that, locally for me, Coleg Gwent anticipate offering around 100 fewer new apprenticeship places from September of this year. Much of their apprenticeship provision is in the area of manufacturing, engineering and construction, so local employers will see a decline in availability of places in those sectors. I also know that the college has been working hard with numerous employers who want to grow apprenticeships in, for example, digital, hospitality and health, and those sectors will now have to wait until further funding becomes available to grow apprenticeships in a way that they and the college would like to see.
I'm also aware of training providers who particularly focus on disengaged young people through apprenticeships and training, and, in doing so, help us tackle the number of young people not in employment, education or training. Of course, that is vital work that is at the heart of our social justice agenda here in Wales, as well as helping to meet the future needs of our economy, in terms of available skills and available employees.
I also think there is work to be done in terms of existing apprenticeships, in terms of the way that we structure them and the content. I hear many people talk about the 14-19 agenda, and I know the economy Minister works with the education Minister on these matters. Sometimes, young people at 14, who want a more vocational experience, do not have the opportunities and the choice available to them that they would wish to have, and they sometimes continue in school when they would like to go to the local FE college, for example. And as a result of not having the choices that they would prefer, they disengage, they don't go along to school as often as they should, and then sometimes, when they go to the college, when they are 16 and they can start vocational courses at the college, they find that they do not meet the required numeracy and literacy skills, because of that disengagement from age 14. So, I do think we need to join up better, in terms of schools and FE colleges, to give better choice and better quality to our young people.
And I also hear a lot of people mentioning that they think the balance is not always right in apprenticeships, for example, those in health and social care, in terms of the hands on, learning by doing elements, as opposed to the more academic aspects. They believe that to be work ready for employers, and to be better engaged with their own education and training experience, it would be better if it was more orientated towards that hands on, learning by doing approach.
So, I do think there are issues around the apprenticeships that we have, of course there are, and they could be strengthened in different ways, but, ultimately, until we get that UK Labour Government working with our Government here in Wales, moving away from that really disabling austerity agenda that's doing so much damage, we won't be in a position to do what so many of us in the Chamber would like to see us doing in terms of apprenticeships and so much else. So, the sooner that UK Labour Government comes, the better.

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: The Minister for Economy, Vaughan Gething.

Vaughan Gething AC: Diolch, Llywydd, and thank you to Members for their contributions from across the Chamber in this debate. There's much to agree upon, in terms of the value of apprenticeships. The challenge, though, is: what does the Government do with the challenges that we face in having a budget that balances? UK Government choices and high inflation mean that our budget next year is now worth £1.3 billion less compared with the figures originally set out by the Chancellor two years ago. Or, to put that another way, Cwm Taf Morgannwg, last year, had £1.2 billion to run all of their services—midwives, health visitors, local practice, community services, and a range of hospitals—and we have lost more than their entire budget from the Welsh Government budget. In addition to that, the loss of EU replacement funds means that we are £375 million a year worse off, or to put it another way, the entire revenue budget of Caerphilly council. That is the gap that we have to make up.
Now, I've heard much about the impact of these Tory cuts—a brave effort from one Tory to say that they aren't her cuts at all. We haven't heard much about whether, for example, health and local government should be budget priorities for the Welsh Government. That has a consequence. We haven't heard anything about which areas should be cut to protect apprenticeships. The levelling-up funds, which we have talked about a little today, specifically forbid local authorities from pooling money together for these sorts of all-Wales programmes, even those with the value, the purpose and the support around this Chamber like apprenticeships.
It's worth bearing in mind how much we used European funds: over £200 million in the last round of European funds were spent on supporting apprenticeships. That isn't a sum of money to find easily in most circumstances, never mind nearly 14 years deep into austerity. Despite those UK Government cuts, we'll continue to invest in quality apprenticeships to provide both our young people, and indeed as part of our all-age programme, successful futures for our apprentices.
In the first two full financial years of this Senedd term, this Welsh Government invested £273 million in apprenticeships. Last year, we invested £147 million in apprenticeships—the highest figure spent in any single year. We've committed over £400 million to apprenticeships in this Senedd term already. I have been clear that painful decisions have been taken within the economy budget. Within that budget, I chose to prioritise apprenticeships, and that in itself has consequences for every other area of my budget. We talked about those in front of the culture committee today: the reality that protecting that spend in relative terms has real consequences everywhere else. But I did that because I believe that investment in apprenticeships does help to build stronger careers, to earn more in work and offer progression. That's why this does remain the biggest individual spend priority within my departmental budget. We will invest £138 million next year in apprenticeships for the long-term benefits and careers that they deliver. That means painful choices for other budget lines that have been reduced.
Apprenticeship starts over the whole of this term will at least be at the same level as in the last entire Senedd term. We continue to focus on those sectors where we know apprenticeship opportunities will make the greatest difference. They will still continue to support our young person's guarantee, helping young people at the start of their careers, and businesses will still be able to recruit apprentices to find opportunities to develop their own staff. It will though, honestly, mean fewer apprenticeship opportunities, especially in those areas that have not been identified as priorities. I recognise what Jane Dodds said about a key priority area in the transition to net zero. So, we'll continue to prioritise sectors where we believe we can make the biggest difference.
Our recognised strengths in Wales and our growth potential continues to make Wales a great place to invest. Our economic priorities build on our reputation as a stable Government that businesses can work with and plan with. Despite pressures on our budgets, we will continue to invest in those sectors and skills that will drive growth and economic renewal, and that includes continuing to invest in our degree apprenticeship programme, with the new rail engineer programme starting in January this year, and construction coming on stream in this September. [Interruption.] I'll give way.

Mabon ap Gwynfor AS: Thank you for taking the intervention. Thank you. You talked about budget pressures and the fact that the UK Government isn't funding Wales properly. If Labour were to get into power in Westminster in the next election, would Keir Starmer give Wales fair funding, and will you commit to putting pressure on a UK Labour Government to give Wales the fair funding we need in order to fund these projects?

Vaughan Gething AC: I'll come back to future apprenticeship funding—I'm very pleased you've made the point. I do, though, want to turn to deal with some of the other points made in the debate.
Jack Sargeant was absolutely right, the UK Government designed out the ability of the Welsh Government to take part in all-Wales apprenticeship programmes. They knew that would mean that the apprenticeship programme would be broken. I'm glad Huw Irranca-Davies mentioned the apprenticeship levy. The finance Minister at the time received one note—it was Mark Drakeford at the time—that there would be a sum coming in with the apprenticeship levy. The problem is, £9 million more was taken out of Wales. Introducing the apprenticeship levy took £9 million out of Wales. Let's hear nothing from the Tories or their apologists that stand by the apprenticeship levy as a success—it is a cost to Wales.
It has been suggested we should have a sustainable long-term funding model. I'd like to have that; it's an aspiration for the long term. However, the reality of further round upon round of UK Government austerity means we can't do that. In the final year of the current three-year funding settlement, we have no certainty of our funding beyond that. We have no idea what will come from the UK Government budget in March. It may not be good news. We expect the UK Government to undertake a multi-year spending review to provide us with long-term certainty. However, we don't have details of whether that will be the case.
To deal with the point around the gap in contract values, it is roughly £40 million. If we were to make up that gap for apprenticeship providers, that is more than the combined budget of Amgueddfa Cymru and the National Library of Wales. We could close both organisations and still not meet the gap to meet current contract values. Nobody but nobody should give the Tories a free pass on breaking referenda promises, on breaking manifesto promises, on breaking promises made within this Chamber. This is the direct consequence of Tory broken promises; the direct consequence of Wales having less say over less money. And it is rank hypocrisy in this Chamber, and through the media, for Tory Members to complain about the fact that we can't spend more money in this area, whilst being cheerleaders for a UK-Government approach that is taking money out of Wales—more than £1.3 billion less than two years ago, the loss of revenue from EU funds the size of the entire Caerphilly council revenue budget. That is what they have done, and yet, still, they want us to be cheerleaders for Wales having less say over less money. This Government will not do that.
In contrast, UK Labour have committed that, if we form the next UK Labour Government, the budgets and the powers will be restored where they belong: to this Welsh Government, to this Senedd. I am personally committed to restoring a national apprenticeship programme; this Government remains committed to apprenticeships for our economic future. I'll be proud to be able to do so with the pace that I think our country deserves, when we have the funding we deserve as well.

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: Luke Fletcher to reply to the debate.

Luke Fletcher AS: Diolch, Llywydd. I'd like to thank all Members who contributed in the debate. I think, actually, what was reinforced in the debate was something that we all already knew to be true, which is that, across the parties, we all accept the importance of apprenticeships. And I hope, actually, the Minister realises that on the apprenticeship agenda, he has a number of allies across the Chamber. Some of us won't be nominating him for First Minister, but on this agenda, he has allies indeed.
Huw Irranca touched on some key points, I think: EU funding and the apprenticeship levy. On EU funding, it highlights the debate we had yesterday: the need for fairness in funding for Wales, which we aren't seeing right now. And there's the issue with the levy, of course, needing to be addressed, as the Minister referenced, with Wales losing as a result of the levy not working via the Barnett formula. You also touched on the need for difficult conversations, and I agree.
The Minister asked what's a Government to do. Well, I'd start, perhaps, with a willingness to engage with opposition parties on the budget process a bit more, and a bit more transparently. You know, I spoke about allies here. One idea, potentially, is if we were all to work on a way forward as a Senedd—as a Senedd, highlight the priorities that we wish to see in the budget, a sort of 'one Wales' budget in a time of fiscal crisis. That is a personal thought, Llywydd, but it was building much on what Huw Irranca set out and the difficult conversations that we're going to need to have. The more those conversations are open, the more that we have—each and every one of us—the data, the information to be able to have those difficult conversations, I think the better.
A key thing that a number of Members touched on was the cross-sector effect of apprenticeship cuts. We've talked in the budget process so far about priority areas. The Conservative amendments actually touch on this in the sense that we talked in the budget process about health being a priority area. Well, cuts to apprenticeships will negatively affect the health portfolio in the sense that we're seeing cuts to apprenticeships in health and social care. So, if the logic follows that health is a priority, then surely that also would mean the support for apprenticeships within health and social care should also be a priority. I think it was Darren Millar, actually, who pointed out that policy cuts in this particular area will have negative effects in other areas, therefore costs in other areas, only then snowballing into other problems.
If we aren't careful, if we don't play this right, then we are, I think, talking about a serious gamble, and a costly gamble at that. We'll stifle our ability to transition to net zero. We'll stifle our ability to achieve our ambitions in the new tech sectors—the semiconductor sector just an example. And we'll have further failed to deliver public services to the standards we all want to see. I do try to avoid dramatic language, Llywydd, but all signs point to this cut having a devastating impact not just in the apprenticeship area specifically, but across all sectors of our economy and across all portfolios within the Government.
I'd thank again all Members for their contributions. I hope this is actually the start of us being able to work together on this particular agenda; as I said, the Minister has allies in this particular area. So, I move the motion, I hope Members will support it, and I hope Members will also be supporting the Conservative amendments in this case as well. Diolch.

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: The proposal is to agree the motion without amendment. Does any Member object? [Objection.] There are objections. We will therefore defer voting until voting time.

Voting deferred until voting time.

8. Voting Time

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: That brings us to voting time. Unless three Members wish for the bell to be rung, we will proceed directly to the vote.
The first vote this afternoon is on item 5, the debate on a Member's legislative proposal: a Bill on climate assurance for children and young people. I call for a vote on the motion tabled in the name of Delyth Jewell. Open the vote. Close the vote. In favour 22, 17 abstentions and 13 against, and therefore the motion is agreed.

Item 5. Debate on a Member's Legislative Proposal – A Bill on climate assurance for children and young people: For: 22, Against: 13, Abstain: 17
Motion has been agreedClick to see vote results

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: The next vote will be on item 6, the Welsh Conservatives debate on healthcare inspection and funding. I call for a vote on the motion without amendment tabled in the name of Darren Millar. Open the vote. Close the vote. In favour 14, no abstentions, 38 against. Therefore the motion is not agreed.

Item 6. Welsh Conservatives Debate - Healthcare inspection and funding. Motion without amendment: For: 14, Against: 38, Abstain: 0
Motion has been rejectedClick to see vote results

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: The next vote is on amendment 1, tabled in the name of Lesley Griffiths. If amendment 1 is agreed, amendments 2 and 3 will be deselected. Open the vote on amendment 1. Close the vote. The vote is tied, and I exercise my casting vote against the amendment. Therefore the amendment is not agreed, by 26 votes in favour to 27 against.

Item 6. Welsh Conservatives Debate - Healthcare inspection and funding. Amendment 1, tabled in the name of Lesley Griffiths: For: 26, Against: 26, Abstain: 0
As there was an equality of votes, the Llywydd used her casting vote in accordance with Standing Order 6.20(ii).
Amendment has been rejectedClick to see vote results

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: We'll now move to amendment 2, tabled in the name of Mabon ap Gwynfor. Open the vote. Close the vote. In favour 38, no abstentions, 14 against, therefore amendment 2 is agreed.

Item 6. Welsh Conservatives Debate - Healthcare inspection and funding. Amendment 2, tabled in the name of Mabon ap Gwynfor: For: 38, Against: 14, Abstain: 0
Amendment has been agreedClick to see vote results

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: We'll move now to amendment 3, tabled in the name of Mabon ap Gwynfor. Open the vote. Close the vote. In favour 52, no abstentions, none against. Amendment 3 is agreed.

Item 6. Welsh Conservatives Debate - Healthcare inspection and funding. Amendment 3, tabled in the name of Mabon ap Gwynfor: For: 52, Against: 0, Abstain: 0
Amendment has been agreedClick to see vote results

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: We will now vote on the motion as amended.

Motion NDM8452 as amended
To propose that the Senedd:
1. Notes the Healthcare Inspectorate Wales Annual Report 2022-2023.
2. Regrets that the report:
a) highlighted risks relating to emergency care, staffing concerns, poor patient flow and the accessibility of appointments;
b) states that there are often delays in patient discharges due to shortages in social care staff and social workers to assess discharge needs; and
c) did not find evidence of Welsh Government initiatives making a clear and significant difference to services at the front line.
3. Calls on the Welsh Government to:
a) scrap cuts made to Healthcare Inspectorate Wales in the 2024-2025 draft budget, and expand their remit to investigate complaints;
b) establish a timetable with Healthcare Inspectorate Wales for the inspection of the nearly 60 per cent of healthcare services that have not been inspected in the last 5 years;
c) formally request from the UK Government a comprehensive review of the Barnett Formula to ensure fair funding for all budget areas in Wales, including health and social care;
d) bring forward a substantial workforce plan with a tuition fee refund for healthcare workers that stay in Wales for five years after their studies; and
e) increase the availability of degree apprenticeships in the healthcare sector to provide greater opportunities for young people to enter the profession and remain in Wales to work.

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: Open the vote. Close the vote. In favour 12, no abstentions, 40 against, therefore the motion as amended is not agreed.

Item 6. Welsh Conservatives Debate - Healthcare inspection and funding. Motion as amended: For: 12, Against: 40, Abstain: 0
Motion as amended has been rejectedClick to see vote results

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: The next votes are on the Plaid Cymru debate on apprenticeships. The first vote is on the motion without amendment, tabled in the name of Luke Fletcher. Open the vote. In favour 12, no abstentions, 40 against. The motion is therefore not agreed.

Item 7. Plaid Cymru Debate - Apprenticeships. Motion without amendment: For: 12, Against: 40, Abstain: 0
Motion has been rejectedClick to see vote results

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: We will now vote on amendment 1. If amendment 1 is agreed, amendments 2 and 3 will be deselected. I call for a vote on amendment 1 in the name of Lesley Griffiths. Open the vote. Close the vote. The vote is tied, and therefore I exercise my casting vote against amendment 1. Therefore, amendment 1 is not agreed, with 26 in favour and 27 against.

Item 7. Plaid Cymru Debate - Apprenticeships. Amendment 1, tabled in the name of Lesley Griffiths.: For: 26, Against: 26, Abstain: 0
As there was an equality of votes, the Llywydd used her casting vote in accordance with Standing Order 6.20(ii).
Amendment has been rejectedClick to see vote results

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: We now move to amendment 2, tabled in the name of Darren Millar. Open the vote. Close the vote. The vote is tied. I exercise my casting vote against amendment 2, which is not agreed. Twenty-six in favour and 27 against. Amendment 2 therefore falls.

Item 7. Plaid Cymru Debate - Apprenticeships. Amendment 2, tabled in the name of Darren Millar: For: 26, Against: 26, Abstain: 0
As there was an equality of votes, the Llywydd used her casting vote in accordance with Standing Order 6.20(ii).
Amendment has been rejectedClick to see vote results

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: We move to amendment 3, tabled in the name of Darren Millar. Open the vote.Close the vote. In favour 25, no abstentions, 27 against. Therefore, the amendment is not agreed.

Item 7. Plaid Cymru Debate - Apprenticeships. Amendment 3, tabled in the name of Darren Millar: For: 25, Against: 27, Abstain: 0
Amendment has been rejectedClick to see vote results

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: Therefore, all amendments and the motion were not agreed, and so nothing is agreed under this particular item. That concludes voting time, and we will now move on to the short debate.

9. Short Debate: Structuring a social care system fit for a twenty-first century Wales

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: If Members who are leaving the Chamber could do so quietly, we will move to the short debate and I call Gareth Davies.

Y Llywydd / The Llywydd: Gareth Davies, you can start the short debate.

Gareth Davies AS: Diolch, Llywydd. Today I'm going to talk about social care in Wales and discuss the merits of different remedies available that can alleviate some of the challenges in what is a complex sector with many complex problems. I intend to give a minute of my time to my colleague James Evans.
I'd like to begin by acknowledging the time that tens of thousands of people across Wales give to care for others, whether social care in a professional capacity or whether unpaid support for others, including parents or children. There is a near unanimous view that social care in Wales is still in the midst of a crisis, with 100 per cent of NHS leaders surveyed agreeing with this assessment in 2022. And whilst I appreciate that many of these challenges are not unique to Wales, this debate, I hope, will shed light on some of the most challenging issues in social care. Importantly, though, this debate will give Senedd Members an opportunity to discuss solutions to some of these problems.

The Deputy Presiding Officer (David Rees) took the Chair.

Gareth Davies AS: Some of the issues impacting social care in Wales that I would like to touch on this afternoon are recruitment and workforce retention, and an improved relationship between NHS trusts and the social care sector. I sent Members a document with some recent figures that highlight some of the pressures on the social care sector at the moment. Workforce retention is particularly poor in the social care sector with a particularly high staff turnover. There are varying reasons for this but, chiefly, broadly low pay in the social care sector leaves carers feeling undervalued. We often see that care workers leave the profession for alternative employment that pays a very similar wage but inevitably comes with less responsibility. Many care workers are undervalued for this reason and they have to work unsociable hours with pay that is the same as for a supermarket worker. Why would someone want to remain in the care sector with the burden of responsibilities looking after another person's welfare when that isn't reflected in the social care pay, when you consider the responsibilities that they have in comparison to other low-paid sectors.
The options for career progression can also be low, with most caring roles offering no real route to progress. Fair pay that reflects the work that those in the care sector do, along with good working conditions, will go a long way to ensuring that care workers feel like they are being compensated for their labour.
A study conducted by Oxfam in 2020 showed that 68 per cent of adults in Wales think that care work is not valued highly enough by the Welsh Government. The Welsh Government has introduced a real living wage for social care workers, which we support, with an uplift to £10.90 per hour. This realistically is a bare minimum and is a wake-up call that more Government money will not fix this issue alone, but, with the right investment model, the industry would be paying a fair wage. I would like to see more investment in early education, which creates 2.5 times as many jobs as the same investment in construction and yields greater tax returns. Spend on social security benefits also decreases as it enables parents to work more hours without state assistance.
The burden on the NHS is also reduced significantly when we have a successful, functioning social care system. Currently, we are still seeing bottlenecks forming in hospital wards where patients are not being discharged when they are medically fit to be discharged, as the appropriate care cannot be procured at home. People are therefore taking up valuable bed space in hospitals, which costs the taxpayer more money and causes delays for patients who need the bed space more.
A particular avenue that I think should be explored in order to aid recruitment into the social care sector is utilising the transferrable skills possessed by unpaid care workers. By current census data, there are 310,000 unpaid care workers in Wales, and should they choose a career in the currently unattractive care sector, there is no acknowledgement of their caring responsibilities outside of a professional setting. I think that these transferrable skills should be acknowledged and honed in a professional setting with something akin to a fast-track care training scheme for those with unpaid personal caring experience.
The announcement of the draft budget by the Welsh Government did cause concern, with a predicted £646 million funding gap in social services. The Welsh Local Government Association has said that councils were facing record levels of demand in both children's and adults' services.
There are many other factors very much involved that are intertwined with the health service, such as prevention. 'A Healthier Wales' and general public awareness of healthier eating will lead to the prevention of many social care issues that could have been avoided. An overall move towards a healthier Wales will lower the rates of obesity and heart disease, and will relieve pressure on social care significantly. Figures from 2021 show that 62 per cent of people in Wales are overweight or obese, which significantly increases the likelihood of the need for obese individuals to require care, or bariatric patients, as they're referred to in healthcare settings.
To close, Deputy Presiding Officer, people who provide care and support for others, including parents, unpaid carers and the childcare and social care workforce, form an invisible network that holds society together. It is important that we recognise the importance of care work in society and the importance of the industry, and recognise the crisis first and adopt solutions to these problems. Thank you very much.

James Evans AS: I'd like to thank Gareth Davies for bringing this short debate to the Chamber today, because we all know the link that social care has to actually relieve the pressures on our wider health service here in Wales. We all know that there are far too many people sitting in our hospitals with delayed transfers of care between our hospitals and the care system, and it's something that I wanted to raise today, because I know that many of my constituents are actually stuck in hospitals and haven't got the care packages that they need to come back home or back into the community. So, I'd be very interested to hear from the Deputy Minister today what plans the Welsh Government have got to address those delayed transfers of care, because if we can do that, it would take so much pressure off our accident and emergency departments and, actually, get those people who are waiting outside A&E departments into them and into the care that they need in our hospitals.

Y Dirprwy Lywydd / The Deputy Presiding Officer: I call on the Deputy Minister for Social Services to reply to the debate—Julie Morgan.

Julie Morgan AC: Thank you for the opportunity to reply to this debate.

Julie Morgan AC: I'd like to thank my colleague the Member for the Vale of Clwyd for putting forward this important subject today and, also, for stressing the importance of the care system to society as a whole. I'm deeply committed to ensuring that our most vulnerable citizens, and those who care for them, are able to lead healthy and fulfilled lives, achieving what matters to them.
As a Government, supporting our most vulnerable people is our top priority, and I am proud of our track record in prioritising investment in services that will support them. For example, we continue to protect and, indeed, increase the local government settlement, with a 3.1 per cent increase proposed for the next financial year. This includes funding within the local government revenue settlement to meet the cost of the real living wage for social care workers. Gareth acknowledged in his speech that he does support the introduction of the real living wage for social care workers, and I thank him for his recognition of how important that is.
We have shown committed leadership in protecting services for our more vulnerable groups in Wales, and this—

Y Dirprwy Lywydd / The Deputy Presiding Officer: Deputy Minister, will you take an intervention from Gareth?

Gareth Davies AS: Whereas the real living wage is supported by me and the Welsh Conservative group, it's also incumbent, I think, on us to look at other ideas across the career of a social care worker, in terms of training and feeling valued in those roles so that the pay, then, does complement a good career that can attract people into the workforce, so that they feel like it is a rewarding career and that there is career progression and glass ceiling breaking, as I've alluded to with you on many occasions.

Julie Morgan AC: Yes. Thank you very much. Again, I agree with that point, and, as you know, we have set up the social care fair work forum, which has produced proposals for progression within the social care field and we have actually consulted on those proposals. But that is obviously a very important point.
So, as you said, Gareth, in your contribution, the social care workforce is a great priority for us in the Welsh Government, and we have invested significant funding in the sector, in addition to the local government revenue settlement, in order to develop a sustainable social care workforce. For example, we've given £34.4 million to local authorities through the workforce and sustainable services grant; £13 million across regions to support workforce development and training through the Social Care Wales workforce development programme administered by Social Care Wales, which is also Welsh Government funded; and £10 million, over three years, investment in the social worker bursary to make the social work degree financially attainable and to attract people to an attractive career, and we have already seen a rise in the number of people applying to social work courses because of the bursary, so I think that is good progress there.
In addition to this, we continue to protect investment that will build community capacity to enable vulnerable people to live and stay well at home, and that is our aim—for vulnerable people to live and stay well at home. Some examples of that: the £146 million regional integration fund, the RIF, is supporting 187 projects providing integrated health and care services in our communities. These projects and services work with our most vulnerable people to enable them to live as independently as possible in the community, helping to prevent the need for hospital admission or to help them return home quickly if they've needed hospital care. And many of those projects are specifically geared towards that.
Since 2022, we're providing an additional £12 million over three years to improve neurodevelopmental services, and also, from 2022, we've invested £42 million to deliver much-needed support to unpaid carers. I know that Gareth mentioned unpaid carers specifically in his contribution, and they do hold the whole system together, and I think we all acknowledge that. We're also investing capital funds, via the integration and rebalancing capital fund, to support the development of integrated health and care community hubs, ensuring that people have easier access to information, care and support within their own localities. This capital fund is also supporting the development of not-for-profit residential care facilities across Wales, and I'm sure that the Member of the Senedd for the Vale of Clwyd would be interested to hear—or, I'm sure, he knows—that we've recently agreed funding of over £7 million for the development of a 56-bedroom residential home on the Croes Atti site in Flint to provide residential care and integrated care services for older people in Flintshire, and I'm looking forward to visiting this site very soon.
Further to this, we must not forget our commitment to supporting our wider community delivery partners within the third sector, without whom many vulnerable people would feel isolated and unable to achieve what matters to them. The regional integration fund is investing over £23.7 million in this crucial sector, along with the £9.3 million that we will be investing next year via our five-year sustainable social services third sector grant.
I've been working this winter very closely with my colleague the Minister for Health and Social Services, and she has also invested an additional £8.4 million to build community capacity and increase community nursing at weekends, including for those people who are on end-of-life care pathways. I know, in his contribution, James Evans specifically mentioned people who were waiting in hospital and who were medically fit to go home. That is one of our highest priorities, because, obviously, it's very damaging for people to stay in hospital when they are medically fit and able to go. And we have worked very closely on this issue, working with local authorities and building up the partnership. In fact, we had a meeting today of our care action committee, so I can assure you that this is one of our highest priorities.
We have carried out really extensive work across the health and social care sector to try to get swift discharge from hospital in order to prevent further deterioration. Health boards and local authorities have been formally reporting on their pathways of care delays, and we've now got a much more specific way of reporting on the pathway of care delays and we're now able to take a much more focused approach in order to tackle delays. As a result, we have made significant progress, I would say, in already reducing the number of people waiting to go home or to go on to their next stage of care, and we're expecting more figures very soon that I think will show that we're on the right trajectory, that we are going the right way and numbers are coming down. So, these are just a few examples of the work we're doing to support what we know are some of the most vulnerable people in Wales.
However, over the last 30 years the population of Wales has grown by 8 per cent, or 232,000 people. The population is also ageing, with the number of people aged over 65 increasing by 35 per cent, from 493,000 to 666,000, and we do expect this trend to continue. For that reason, we do have ambitious plans to do more in order to ensure we have a sustainable and effective health and care system for the future.
The expert group report, which came about as a result of the co-operation agreement with our partners in Plaid Cymru, 'Towards a National Care and Support Service for Wales', tells us, as does the evaluation of the Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act 2014, that the fundamental aims and principles of the legislation that we've got in place are still relevant and are still very widely supported. So, we have therefore been working very closely with a wide range of stakeholders to develop the foundations of a national care service for Wales that will help to improve the consistency and quality of social care services across Wales and support more effective implementation of the Act. I think, as I've said, that the legislation, the Act, is absolutely fine, but we have still a long way to go in terms of the implementation.
So, to set the foundations for achieving the aims of the Act and moving us towards a national care and support service, we are implementing a major programme of improvement and transformation that includes the launch of a national commissioning framework for care and support services, establishing a national office for care and support services, the elimination of profit from the care of children and young people who are looked after, strengthening and supporting our workforce, strengthening partnership working across health and social care and developing an integrated community health and care system, and building capacity and capability to support our most vulnerable children and young people to be cared for closer to home.
With the support of our co-operation agreement partners, our commitment to developing a national care service will help to improve and standardise social care systems and practice across Wales and ensure our services are high quality, consistent and truly person centred, supporting people to achieve what matters to them. This will, in turn, strengthen the contribution social care can make to our regional and local partnership arrangements that bring local authorities, health boards and the third sector together to plan and develop integrated community services that help people achieve what matters to them.
So, once again, I thank Gareth Davies for the opportunity to respond to his debate and to reiterate my ongoing commitment to supporting our most vulnerable people and to share just some of the plans of what we're planning to do to further strengthen social and community-based care in Wales.

Julie Morgan AC: Thank you very much for your time today.

Y Dirprwy Lywydd / The Deputy Presiding Officer: Thank you, Deputy Minister. And that brings today's proceedings to a close.

The meeting ended at 18:19.

QNR

Questions to the Minister for Climate Change

Alun Davies: What support is available to people in Blaenau Gwent who may be struggling with energy costs this winter to improve the energy efficiency of their homes?

Julie James: We are investing more than £30 million through our Warm Homes Nest scheme this year, offering advice to all and free energy efficiency measures to eligible households. We are also supporting local authorities to establish Energy Company Obligation Flex schemes across Wales, leveraging GB-wide funding into local communities.

Jane Dodds: What assessment has the Minister made of the potential for locally-generated and community-owned renewable energy in Mid and West Wales?

Julie James: It is vital that communities benefit from local renewable energy projects. We have achieved 97 per cent of our target for 1 GW of renewable energy to be locally owned by 2030. Our investment supporting all local authorities to develop local area energy plans will identify opportunities for retaining benefit within communities.

Tom Giffard: What plans does the Welsh Government have to develop public transport links in South Wales West?

Julie James: The south-west Wales corporate joint committee are developing a regional transport plan, which will set out plans to deliver safe, accessible and affordable public transport for the region. Working with Transport for Wales, we are developing a range of projects to inform this, building on the Swansea bay metro work.

Questions to the Minister for Education and the Welsh Language

Sioned Williams: How is the Government supporting post-16 learners with learning disabilities?

Jeremy Miles: The new ALN system supports learners with additional learning needs from zero to 25 years of age. In next year's draft budget, I have protected our significant investment in post-16 ALN provision, with £19.8 million to further education colleges and £13.8 million for post-16 specialist placements

Jack Sargeant: How is the Welsh Government working with schools to tackle bullying?

Jeremy Miles: The Welsh Government has a zero-tolerance approach to any form of bullying in the Welsh education system, and we expect the same from schools and education services. We provide a range of resources and support to schools and practitioners to tackle all forms of bullying and harassment.

Peter Fox: What assessment has the Minister made of the impact of the Welsh Government's draft budget for 2024-25 on education?

Jeremy Miles: We've reshaped spending plans so we can invest more in the NHS and protect local government funding for schools, social care and other services we rely on every day. We've prioritised protecting core front-line public services, including schools, through protecting the indicative rise of 3.1 per cent for the local government settlement.

Huw Irranca-Davies: How does the Welsh Government work with local authorities to tackle social and economic disadvantage in schools in Ogmore?

Jeremy Miles: Our school essentials grant has made a significant difference to many lower income families across Wales, helping to reduce the worry surrounding the purchase of school uniform and equipment. Funding of £1.76 million has been allocated to families living in Bridgend County Borough Council and Rhondda Cynon Taf in 2023-24.

Questions to the Deputy Minister for Climate Change

Samuel Kurtz: What action is the Welsh Government taking to support residents affected by flooding in Carmarthen West and South Pembrokeshire?

Lee Waters: This financial year, 2023-24, we have made £491,384 capital funding available to risk management authorities in Carmarthen West and South Pembrokeshire. We estimate this funding will benefit 58 properties. We have also made £225,000 revenue funding available for all local authorities in Wales, including Carmarthenshire and Pembrokeshire county councils.